Abstract
Recognizing common reporting patterns of aquatic invasive Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, ZM) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, EWM) helps to better understand invasions. We hypothesize that confirmed invasions may be confounded by human population density, leading to overrepresentation of invasions in highly populated areas and underrepresentation in less populated areas. Here we recognize dispersal patterns of confirmed ZM and EWM invasions in Minnesota, USA, using spatial clustering and directionality tests, while adjusting for human density. By 2015, 125 (0.68%) and 304 (1.65%) of 18,411 Minnesota waterbodies were reported to have ZM and EWM, respectively. A multivariate multinomial model of the scan test was used to identify clustering of invasions. The resulting 23 clusters included 13 with either or both ZM and EWM, and most clusters (11/13) occurred in areas with >10 people per square kilometer. Whereas, among the 10 clusters without invasion, nine were from less populated areas. The standard deviation ellipse and the spatiotemporal directionality tests indicated a northwestern trend of invasions, which is in the same direction as the I-94 interstate highway connecting urban centers. Results suggested that confirmed ZM and EWM invasions are potentially confounded by human densities, which is explained by varying human impact on either or both dispersal and reporting of invasions. Considering this impact of human density, we suggest that a combination of passive and targeted surveillance, where the magnitude of efforts are stratified by the human densities, may provide insight into the true invasion status and its progression in the Great Lakes region.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 458-466 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Great Lakes Research |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- Aquatic invasions
- Directionality, reporting bias, underreporting
- Scan statistics
- Spatial clusters
Cite this
Zebra mussels and Eurasian watermilfoil reporting patterns in Minnesota. / Kanankege, Kaushi S.T.; Alkhamis, Moh A.; Perez, Andres M; Phelps, Nicholas.
In: Journal of Great Lakes Research, Vol. 44, No. 3, 01.06.2018, p. 458-466.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Zebra mussels and Eurasian watermilfoil reporting patterns in Minnesota
AU - Kanankege, Kaushi S.T.
AU - Alkhamis, Moh A.
AU - Perez, Andres M
AU - Phelps, Nicholas
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - Recognizing common reporting patterns of aquatic invasive Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, ZM) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, EWM) helps to better understand invasions. We hypothesize that confirmed invasions may be confounded by human population density, leading to overrepresentation of invasions in highly populated areas and underrepresentation in less populated areas. Here we recognize dispersal patterns of confirmed ZM and EWM invasions in Minnesota, USA, using spatial clustering and directionality tests, while adjusting for human density. By 2015, 125 (0.68%) and 304 (1.65%) of 18,411 Minnesota waterbodies were reported to have ZM and EWM, respectively. A multivariate multinomial model of the scan test was used to identify clustering of invasions. The resulting 23 clusters included 13 with either or both ZM and EWM, and most clusters (11/13) occurred in areas with >10 people per square kilometer. Whereas, among the 10 clusters without invasion, nine were from less populated areas. The standard deviation ellipse and the spatiotemporal directionality tests indicated a northwestern trend of invasions, which is in the same direction as the I-94 interstate highway connecting urban centers. Results suggested that confirmed ZM and EWM invasions are potentially confounded by human densities, which is explained by varying human impact on either or both dispersal and reporting of invasions. Considering this impact of human density, we suggest that a combination of passive and targeted surveillance, where the magnitude of efforts are stratified by the human densities, may provide insight into the true invasion status and its progression in the Great Lakes region.
AB - Recognizing common reporting patterns of aquatic invasive Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, ZM) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, EWM) helps to better understand invasions. We hypothesize that confirmed invasions may be confounded by human population density, leading to overrepresentation of invasions in highly populated areas and underrepresentation in less populated areas. Here we recognize dispersal patterns of confirmed ZM and EWM invasions in Minnesota, USA, using spatial clustering and directionality tests, while adjusting for human density. By 2015, 125 (0.68%) and 304 (1.65%) of 18,411 Minnesota waterbodies were reported to have ZM and EWM, respectively. A multivariate multinomial model of the scan test was used to identify clustering of invasions. The resulting 23 clusters included 13 with either or both ZM and EWM, and most clusters (11/13) occurred in areas with >10 people per square kilometer. Whereas, among the 10 clusters without invasion, nine were from less populated areas. The standard deviation ellipse and the spatiotemporal directionality tests indicated a northwestern trend of invasions, which is in the same direction as the I-94 interstate highway connecting urban centers. Results suggested that confirmed ZM and EWM invasions are potentially confounded by human densities, which is explained by varying human impact on either or both dispersal and reporting of invasions. Considering this impact of human density, we suggest that a combination of passive and targeted surveillance, where the magnitude of efforts are stratified by the human densities, may provide insight into the true invasion status and its progression in the Great Lakes region.
KW - Aquatic invasions
KW - Directionality, reporting bias, underreporting
KW - Scan statistics
KW - Spatial clusters
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042943587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85042943587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jglr.2018.02.008
DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2018.02.008
M3 - Article
VL - 44
SP - 458
EP - 466
JO - Journal of Great Lakes Research
JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research
SN - 0380-1330
IS - 3
ER -