Whole mantle discontinuity structure beneath Hawaii

We examined mantle structure beneath the southeast Hawaiian Islands using multiple ScS reverberations from four earthquakes from the island of Hawaii and recorded at station KIP on the island of Oahu. We find an unusually deep 410-km discontinuity and a transition zone thickness of 227 km, corresponding to a temperature increase of 87 K above the global average. Other reflectors include a lid-low-velocity zone boundary, a weak 520-km discontinuity, and smaller discontinuities at 224 km, 288 km, and 1000 km. Whole mantle travel time is near the global average, which we attribute to an inclined or branching plume, lowermost mantle anisotropy, and estimate bias due to a possible ultralow velocity zone atop the core.