Where Robots Can Fit In: A Systematic Review of the Incidence of Comorbid Dementia and The Prescribed Treatments

(1) Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to find the incidence of dementia in adults with cognitive, developmental, or physical disabilities and the prescribed treatments for those comorbidities. The findings will be used to determine the possible interventions for robots in the treatment for comorbid dementia. (2) Methods: The studies included in this review focused on the incidence of dementia among various disabilities and the prescribed treatments, published between 2018 and 2023, written in English, and have full text availability. The databases used to collect the sources for this review were Academic Search Premier, Gale Academic Onefile, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus. Furthermore, data was collected through hazard ratios (HR), adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), cases per number of people-years, and percentage based on sample size or population. No methods were selected to determine the risk of bias for the sources. (3) Results: The methods of this review produced 30 sources to be included in the results. The highest hazard ratios for the incidence of dementia depending on disease type are mild behavioral impairment (MBI) with HR 8.07, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) HR 7.05, and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with HR 6.81. These results are mostly consistent with the findings for the cases per person-years data. Finally, the highest comorbid illnesses with dementia, in terms of population size, are type-2 diabetes (45.92^%), type-2 diabetes with hypertension (43.60%), and depression (42.90%). (4) Discussion: The incidence of dementia is strongly correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment caused by a disease. Furthermore, the best instances where robots can fit in during the treatment and prevention of dementia is through exercises that promote cognitive function. (6) Funding: This systematic review received no external funding.