TY - JOUR
T1 - Walnut shell oil-bath torrefaction coupled with fast pyrolysis
T2 - Effect of torrefaction heating modes
AU - Dai, Anqi
AU - Wu, Qiuhao
AU - Xu, Chuangxin
AU - Xiong, Jianyun
AU - Fan, Liangliang
AU - Ke, Linyao
AU - Zeng, Yuan
AU - Cobb, Krik
AU - Ruan, Roger
AU - Wang, Yunpu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2024/8
Y1 - 2024/8
N2 - Lignocellulosic biomass, renewable with short growth cycle and diverse sources, can be substituted fossil fuel. However, low effective hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff) limits its applications. Torrefaction and co-pyrolysis with high H/Ceff feedstocks are promising technology. This paper investigated the effect of heating modes on oil-bath torrefaction of walnut shells, followed by fast co-pyrolysis. Six heating modes during oil-bath torrefaction were evaluated. Com1 (Microwave 67 %, Lightwave 33 %) yielded the lowest residual yield 84 wt%, while the highest gas production 495.47 mL/g which mainly composed of CO and CO2. Torrefied feedstock under Com1 had the highest H/Ceff. Decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions dominated among oil-bath torrefaction. Com1 produced the most hydrocarbons and least oxygen-containing compounds. As microwave ratio decreased, the content of olefins, acids and phenols decreased, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols was showed opposite tend. This study offers new ideas for microwave and lightwave torrefaction and promoting hydrocarbon production from lignocellulosic biomass.
AB - Lignocellulosic biomass, renewable with short growth cycle and diverse sources, can be substituted fossil fuel. However, low effective hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff) limits its applications. Torrefaction and co-pyrolysis with high H/Ceff feedstocks are promising technology. This paper investigated the effect of heating modes on oil-bath torrefaction of walnut shells, followed by fast co-pyrolysis. Six heating modes during oil-bath torrefaction were evaluated. Com1 (Microwave 67 %, Lightwave 33 %) yielded the lowest residual yield 84 wt%, while the highest gas production 495.47 mL/g which mainly composed of CO and CO2. Torrefied feedstock under Com1 had the highest H/Ceff. Decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions dominated among oil-bath torrefaction. Com1 produced the most hydrocarbons and least oxygen-containing compounds. As microwave ratio decreased, the content of olefins, acids and phenols decreased, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols was showed opposite tend. This study offers new ideas for microwave and lightwave torrefaction and promoting hydrocarbon production from lignocellulosic biomass.
KW - Lightwave heating
KW - Lignocellulosic biomass
KW - Microwave heating
KW - Renewable energy
KW - Waste cooking oil
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130984
DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130984
M3 - Article
C2 - 38880267
AN - SCOPUS:85196296610
SN - 0960-8524
VL - 406
JO - Bioresource Technology
JF - Bioresource Technology
M1 - 130984
ER -