Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers

Natasha Marrus; Adam T. Eggebrecht; Alexandre Todorov; Jed T. Elison; Jason J. Wolff; Lyndsey Cole; Wei Gao; Juhi Pandey; Mark D. Shen; Meghan R. Swanson; Robert W. Emerson; Cheryl L. Klohr; Chloe M. Adams; Annette M. Estes; Lonnie Zwaigenbaum; Kelly N. Botteron; Robert C. McKinstry; John N. Constantino; Alan C. Evans; Heather C. Hazlett; Stephen R. Dager; Sarah J. Paterson; Robert T. Schultz; Martin A. Styner; Guido Gerig; Bradley L. Schlaggar; Joseph Piven; John R. Pruett

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx313

Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers

Natasha Marrus, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Alexandre Todorov, Jed T. Elison, Jason J. Wolff, Lyndsey Cole, Wei Gao, Juhi Pandey, Mark D. Shen, Meghan R. Swanson, Robert W. Emerson, Cheryl L. Klohr, Chloe M. Adams, Annette M. Estes, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Kelly N. Botteron, Robert C. McKinstry, John N. Constantino, Alan C. Evans, Heather C. HazlettStephen R. Dager, Sarah J. Paterson, Robert T. Schultz, Martin A. Styner, Guido Gerig, Bradley L. Schlaggar, Joseph Piven, John R. Pruett

Educational Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

47 Scopus citations

Abstract

Infant gross motor development is vital to adaptive function and predictive of both cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about neural systems underlying the emergence of walking and general gross motor abilities. Using resting state fcMRI, we identified functional brain networks associated with walking and gross motor scores in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder, who represent a dimensionally distributed range of motor function. At age 12 months, functional connectivity of motor and default mode networks was correlated with walking, whereas dorsal attention and posterior cingulo-opercular networks were implicated at age 24 months. Analyses of general gross motor function also revealed involvement of motor and default mode networks at 12 and 24 months, with dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks additionally implicated at 24 months. These findings suggest that changes in network-level brain-behavior relationships underlie the emergence and consolidation of walking and gross motor abilities in the toddler period. This initial description of network substrates of early gross motor development may inform hypotheses regarding neural systems contributing to typical and atypical motor outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders associated with motor dysfunction.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	750-763
Number of pages	14
Journal	Cerebral Cortex
Volume	28
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx313
State	Published - Feb 1 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
National Institutes of Health (grant R01 MH093510 to J.R.P), a National Institutes of Health Autism Center of Excellence R01 grant (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) (#HD055741 to J.P.), Autism Speaks (#6020 to J.P.), the Simons Foundation (#140209 to J.P.), the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience (J.R.P.) and a National Institute of Mental Health K01 MH103594 (A.T.E.). National Institute of Mental Health (K08 MH112891 to N.M.) and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Washington University (National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development P30 HD062171 to J.N.C.).

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.

Keywords

functional connectivity
gross motor
infant
network
walking

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10.1093/cercor/bhx313

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Marrus, N., Eggebrecht, A. T., Todorov, A., Elison, J. T., Wolff, J. J., Cole, L., Gao, W., Pandey, J., Shen, M. D., Swanson, M. R., Emerson, R. W., Klohr, C. L., Adams, C. M., Estes, A. M., Zwaigenbaum, L., Botteron, K. N., McKinstry, R. C., Constantino, J. N., Evans, A. C., ... Pruett, J. R. (2018). Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers. Cerebral Cortex, 28(2), 750-763. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx313

Marrus, N, Eggebrecht, AT, Todorov, A, Elison, JT , Wolff, JJ, Cole, L, Gao, W, Pandey, J, Shen, MD, Swanson, MR, Emerson, RW, Klohr, CL, Adams, CM, Estes, AM, Zwaigenbaum, L, Botteron, KN, McKinstry, RC, Constantino, JN, Evans, AC, Hazlett, HC, Dager, SR, Paterson, SJ, Schultz, RT, Styner, MA, Gerig, G, Schlaggar, BL, Piven, J & Pruett, JR 2018, 'Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers', Cerebral Cortex, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 750-763. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx313

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title = "Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers",

abstract = "Infant gross motor development is vital to adaptive function and predictive of both cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about neural systems underlying the emergence of walking and general gross motor abilities. Using resting state fcMRI, we identified functional brain networks associated with walking and gross motor scores in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder, who represent a dimensionally distributed range of motor function. At age 12 months, functional connectivity of motor and default mode networks was correlated with walking, whereas dorsal attention and posterior cingulo-opercular networks were implicated at age 24 months. Analyses of general gross motor function also revealed involvement of motor and default mode networks at 12 and 24 months, with dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks additionally implicated at 24 months. These findings suggest that changes in network-level brain-behavior relationships underlie the emergence and consolidation of walking and gross motor abilities in the toddler period. This initial description of network substrates of early gross motor development may inform hypotheses regarding neural systems contributing to typical and atypical motor outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders associated with motor dysfunction.",

keywords = "functional connectivity, gross motor, infant, network, walking",

author = "Natasha Marrus and Eggebrecht, {Adam T.} and Alexandre Todorov and Elison, {Jed T.} and Wolff, {Jason J.} and Lyndsey Cole and Wei Gao and Juhi Pandey and Shen, {Mark D.} and Swanson, {Meghan R.} and Emerson, {Robert W.} and Klohr, {Cheryl L.} and Adams, {Chloe M.} and Estes, {Annette M.} and Lonnie Zwaigenbaum and Botteron, {Kelly N.} and McKinstry, {Robert C.} and Constantino, {John N.} and Evans, {Alan C.} and Hazlett, {Heather C.} and Dager, {Stephen R.} and Paterson, {Sarah J.} and Schultz, {Robert T.} and Styner, {Martin A.} and Guido Gerig and Schlaggar, {Bradley L.} and Joseph Piven and Pruett, {John R.}",

note = "Funding Information: National Institutes of Health (grant R01 MH093510 to J.R.P), a National Institutes of Health Autism Center of Excellence R01 grant (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) (#HD055741 to J.P.), Autism Speaks (#6020 to J.P.), the Simons Foundation (#140209 to J.P.), the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience (J.R.P.) and a National Institute of Mental Health K01 MH103594 (A.T.E.). National Institute of Mental Health (K08 MH112891 to N.M.) and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Washington University (National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development P30 HD062171 to J.N.C.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.",

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AU - Marrus, Natasha

AU - Eggebrecht, Adam T.

AU - Todorov, Alexandre

AU - Elison, Jed T.

AU - Wolff, Jason J.

AU - Cole, Lyndsey

AU - Gao, Wei

AU - Pandey, Juhi

AU - Shen, Mark D.

AU - Swanson, Meghan R.

AU - Emerson, Robert W.

AU - Klohr, Cheryl L.

AU - Adams, Chloe M.

AU - Estes, Annette M.

AU - Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie

AU - Botteron, Kelly N.

AU - McKinstry, Robert C.

AU - Constantino, John N.

AU - Evans, Alan C.

AU - Hazlett, Heather C.

AU - Dager, Stephen R.

AU - Paterson, Sarah J.

AU - Schultz, Robert T.

AU - Styner, Martin A.

AU - Gerig, Guido

AU - Schlaggar, Bradley L.

AU - Piven, Joseph

AU - Pruett, John R.

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Y1 - 2018/2/1

N2 - Infant gross motor development is vital to adaptive function and predictive of both cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about neural systems underlying the emergence of walking and general gross motor abilities. Using resting state fcMRI, we identified functional brain networks associated with walking and gross motor scores in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder, who represent a dimensionally distributed range of motor function. At age 12 months, functional connectivity of motor and default mode networks was correlated with walking, whereas dorsal attention and posterior cingulo-opercular networks were implicated at age 24 months. Analyses of general gross motor function also revealed involvement of motor and default mode networks at 12 and 24 months, with dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks additionally implicated at 24 months. These findings suggest that changes in network-level brain-behavior relationships underlie the emergence and consolidation of walking and gross motor abilities in the toddler period. This initial description of network substrates of early gross motor development may inform hypotheses regarding neural systems contributing to typical and atypical motor outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders associated with motor dysfunction.

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Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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