TY - JOUR
T1 - Very low particle matter mass measurements from light-duty vehicles
AU - Xue, Jian
AU - Johnson, Kent
AU - Durbin, Tom
AU - Russell, Robert
AU - Pham, Liem
AU - Miller, Wayne
AU - Swanson, Jacob
AU - Kittelson, David
AU - Jung, Heejung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/3
Y1 - 2018/3
N2 - Recently, there are discussions about whether current sampling and measurement practices for the regulated gravimetric PM measurement are sufficiently accurate in quantifying PM at the proposed 3 and 1 mg/mi emission standards for light-duty vehicles. In this study, a series of modifications were made to the existing gravimetric PM measurement method, aiming to preserve the integrity of the method while increasing the robustness and decreasing the testing variability. The experiments were conducted with a Higher (~2 mg/mile) and a Lower (0.1–0.2 mg/mile) PM Source Vehicle over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and US06 cycles, providing PM emissions with various solid/semi-volatile compositions and size distributions. The results showed the suggested modifications, i.e., increased filter face velocities (from 100 to 150 cm/s) and combined filters (single filter vs. 3/4 filters), could increase the collected filter mass without introducing statistically significant differences in the measured PM mass emission rates. No statistically significant improvements were seen in the measurement variability with the Higher PM Source Vehicle. For the Lower PM Source Vehicle; however, the 4-phase cumulative filter showed a statistically significant reduction in PM mass measurement variability, while not impacting the measured PM mass emissions, but these improvements must be weighed against the increased testing costs/time required for the longer test time.
AB - Recently, there are discussions about whether current sampling and measurement practices for the regulated gravimetric PM measurement are sufficiently accurate in quantifying PM at the proposed 3 and 1 mg/mi emission standards for light-duty vehicles. In this study, a series of modifications were made to the existing gravimetric PM measurement method, aiming to preserve the integrity of the method while increasing the robustness and decreasing the testing variability. The experiments were conducted with a Higher (~2 mg/mile) and a Lower (0.1–0.2 mg/mile) PM Source Vehicle over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and US06 cycles, providing PM emissions with various solid/semi-volatile compositions and size distributions. The results showed the suggested modifications, i.e., increased filter face velocities (from 100 to 150 cm/s) and combined filters (single filter vs. 3/4 filters), could increase the collected filter mass without introducing statistically significant differences in the measured PM mass emission rates. No statistically significant improvements were seen in the measurement variability with the Higher PM Source Vehicle. For the Lower PM Source Vehicle; however, the 4-phase cumulative filter showed a statistically significant reduction in PM mass measurement variability, while not impacting the measured PM mass emissions, but these improvements must be weighed against the increased testing costs/time required for the longer test time.
KW - Emission control
KW - Particle emission
KW - Particle measurements
KW - Vehicle emission
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.12.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.12.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85039732000
SN - 0021-8502
VL - 117
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF - Journal of Aerosol Science
ER -