Abstract
Ventilation and dissolved oxygen in Lake Superior are key factors that determine the fate of various natural and anthropogenic inputs to the lake. We employ an idealized age tracer and biogeochemical tracers in a realistically configured numerical model of Lake Superior to characterize its ventilation and dissolved O2 cycle. Our results indicate that Lake Superior is preferentially ventilated over rough bathymetry and that spring overturning following a very cold winter does not completely ventilate the lake interior. While this is unexpected for a dimictic lake, no part of the lake remains isolated from the atmosphere for more than 300 days. Our results also show that Lake Superior's oxygen cycle is dominated by solubility changes; as a result, the expected relationship between biological consumption of dissolved O2 and ventilation age does not manifest.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 3097-3110 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 1 2015 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Keywords
- Lake Superior
- ideal tracers
- numerical model
- oxygen
- ventilation