TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae as a rapid bioassessment protocol for water bodies
AU - Kranzfelder, Petra
AU - Anderson, Alyssa M.
AU - Egan, Alexander T
AU - Mazack, Jane E.
AU - Bouchard, R. William
AU - Rufer, Moriya M.
AU - Ferrington, Leonard C
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Journal of Visualized Experiments.
PY - 2015/7/24
Y1 - 2015/7/24
N2 - Rapid bioassessment protocols using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have been successfully used to assess human impacts on water quality. Unfortunately, traditional benthic larval sampling methods, such as the dip-net, can be time-consuming and expensive. An alternative protocol involves collection of Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE). Chironomidae is a species-rich family of flies (Diptera) whose immature stages typically occur in aquatic habitats. Adult chironomids emerge from the water, leaving their pupal skins, or exuviae, floating on the water’s surface. Exuviae often accumulate along banks or behind obstructions by action of the wind or water current, where they can be collected to assess chironomid diversity and richness. Chironomids can be used as important biological indicators, since some species are more tolerant to pollution than others. Therefore, the relative abundance and species composition of collected SFPE reflect changes in water quality. Here, methods associated with field collection, laboratory processing, slide mounting, and identification of chironomid SFPE are described in detail. Advantages of the SFPE method include minimal disturbance at a sampling area, efficient and economical sample collection and laboratory processing, ease of identification, applicability in nearly all aquatic environments, and a potentially more sensitive measure of ecosystem stress. Limitations include the inability to determine larval microhabitat use and inability to identify pupal exuviae to species if they have not been associated with adult males.
AB - Rapid bioassessment protocols using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have been successfully used to assess human impacts on water quality. Unfortunately, traditional benthic larval sampling methods, such as the dip-net, can be time-consuming and expensive. An alternative protocol involves collection of Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE). Chironomidae is a species-rich family of flies (Diptera) whose immature stages typically occur in aquatic habitats. Adult chironomids emerge from the water, leaving their pupal skins, or exuviae, floating on the water’s surface. Exuviae often accumulate along banks or behind obstructions by action of the wind or water current, where they can be collected to assess chironomid diversity and richness. Chironomids can be used as important biological indicators, since some species are more tolerant to pollution than others. Therefore, the relative abundance and species composition of collected SFPE reflect changes in water quality. Here, methods associated with field collection, laboratory processing, slide mounting, and identification of chironomid SFPE are described in detail. Advantages of the SFPE method include minimal disturbance at a sampling area, efficient and economical sample collection and laboratory processing, ease of identification, applicability in nearly all aquatic environments, and a potentially more sensitive measure of ecosystem stress. Limitations include the inability to determine larval microhabitat use and inability to identify pupal exuviae to species if they have not been associated with adult males.
KW - Aquatic ecology
KW - Aquatic systems
KW - Biological monitoring
KW - Chironomid pupal exuviae technique
KW - Environmental sciences
KW - Macroinvertebrates
KW - Midge
KW - Rapid bioassessment protocol
KW - Water quality
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U2 - 10.3791/52558
DO - 10.3791/52558
M3 - Article
C2 - 26274889
AN - SCOPUS:84941273740
SN - 1940-087X
VL - 2015
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Journal of Visualized Experiments
JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments
IS - 101
M1 - e52558
ER -