Abstract
Renal histologic expression of the podocyte-specific protein, nephrin, but not podocin, is reduced in preeclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancies. We hypothesized that renal expression of podocytespecific proteinswould be reflected in urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) of podocyte origin and accompanied by increased urinary soluble nephrin levels (nephrinuria) in preeclampsia. We further postulated that podocyte injury and attendant formation of EVs are related mechanistically to cellfree fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in maternal plasma. Our study population included preeclamptic (n=49) and normotensive (n=42) pregnant women recruited at delivery. Plasma measurements included HbF concentrations and concentrations of the endogenous chelators haptoglobin, hemopexin, and a1- microglobulin. We assessed concentrations of urinary EVs containing immunologically detectable podocyte-specific proteins by digital flow cytometry and measured nephrinuria by ELISA. The mechanistic role of HbF in podocyte injury was studied in pregnant rabbits. Compared with urine from women with normotensive pregnancies, urine from women with preeclamptic pregnancies contained a high ratio of podocin-positive to nephrin-positive urinary EVs (podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio) and increased nephrinuria, both of which correlated with proteinuria. Plasma levels of hemopexin, which were decreased in women with preeclampsia, negatively correlated with proteinuria, urinary podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio, and nephrinuria. Administration of HbF to pregnant rabbits increased the number of urinary EVs of podocyte origin. These findings provide evidence that urinary EVs are reflective of preeclampsia-related altered podocyte protein expression. Furthermore, renal injury in preeclampsia associated with an elevated urinary podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio and may be mediated by prolonged exposure to cellfree HbF.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 3363-3372 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |
Volume | 28 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:ThisprojectwassupportedbyawardnumberP-50AG44170(toV.D.G. and M.J.) from the National Institute on Aging; award number R01 DK47060 (to K.A.N) from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; the Building Interdisciplinary Careers in Women’s Health award number K12HD065987 (to T.L.W.) from the Office of Women’s Health Research; and a generous gift from Mrs. Cynthia L. Rosenbloom and Mr. David S. Rosenbloom. The project was further supported by the Swedish Research Council and The Wallenberg and Maggie Stephens Foundations.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.