Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination by HIV Status and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Engagement Among Young Sexual Minority Men 17–24 Years Old in the USA

Introduction: HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) are common sexually transmitted infections among young sexual minority men (YSMM) that are prevented by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HPV vaccination, respectively. We sought to determine the association between a history of PrEP use and HPV vaccination uptake among YSMM. Methods: Data were collected from an online survey of YSMM (n = 287; M_age = 20.6 years; range: 17–24; 58% Black or Latinx) recruited from social media and men-for-men geosocial networking apps in 2020 and analyses were conducted using chi-squared comparisons and Poisson regression using STATA (IC) version 15.1. Results: About half (45.0%) of YSMM reported receiving at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Controlling for other factors, YSMM who were living with HIV or had used PrEP were significantly more likely to have received at least one dose of an HPV vaccine (PR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.52–4.07; PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.26–2.31, respectively). Conclusions: YSMM living with HIV or with PrEP use experience reported higher rates of HPV vaccination compared to their counterparts, potentially due to greater utilization of health care or contacts with providers attuned to their health needs. Nevertheless, HPV vaccination uptake is suboptimal given the high prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes among YSMM. Policy Implications: Standard of care for YSMM should include revisiting HPV vaccination status and discussion of PrEP and other HIV prevention methods given suboptimal rates of HPV vaccination and PrEP uptake among this priority population for HPV, anal cancer, and HIV prevention.