Update on diagnosis and treatment of adult pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Hira Iftikhar, Girish B. Nair, Anupam Kumar

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary surfactant homeostasis disorder resulting in buildup of lipo-proteinaceous material within the alveoli. PAP is classified as primary (autoimmune and hereditary), secondary, congenital and unclassifiable type based on the underlying pathogenesis. PAP has an insidious onset and can, in some cases, progress to severe respiratory failure. Diagnosis is often secured with bronchoalveolar lavage in the setting of classic imaging findings. Recent insights into genetic alterations and autoimmune mechanisms have provided newer diagnostics and treatment options. In this review, we discuss the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options available and emerging for PAP.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)701-710
Number of pages10
JournalTherapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
Volume17
DOIs
StatePublished - 2021
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Iftikhar et al.

Keywords

  • Alveolar macrophage
  • Alveolar proteinosis
  • Gene therapy
  • Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
  • Lung transplant
  • Surfactant protein
  • Whole lung lavage

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