Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block injections in barred owl (Strix varia) cadavers

Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided approach to the sciatic nerve and the distribution of nerve staining using two injectate volumes of dye in barred owls. Study design: Descriptive, randomized, assessor-blinded, cadaveric study. Animals: Twelve barred owl cadavers. Methods: The sciatic nerve was visualized with a 13-6 MHz linear ultrasound probe placed on the medial aspect of the proximal femur in barred owl cadavers. A needle was inserted at the proximal caudal thigh, and cranially advanced in-plane until the tip was immediately adjacent and ventral to the sciatic nerve. Eleven owls were injected bilaterally with a 1:1 solution of 1% methylene blue and 0.5% ropivacaine, with high-volume (HV; 0.4 mL kg^–1) and low-volume (LV; 0.2 mL kg^–1) treatments. Nerve staining ≥ 1 cm circumferentially was determined by dissection 15 minutes post-injection. The coelom was then opened to inspect for aberrant dye spread. In one barred owl cadaver, a 1:1 solution of 1% methylene blue and 74% ioversol contrast was injected, and computed tomography was performed immediately before and 15 minutes after injection for evaluation of injectate spread. Results: The HV treatment (0.4 mL kg^–1) resulted in successful nerve staining in 100% of injections, whereas the LV treatment (0.2 mL kg^–1) resulted in successful nerve staining in 91% of injections. There was no leakage of injectate into undesired locations (e.g. coelomic cavity) in any cadaver. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In barred owls, the sciatic nerve can be visualized with ultrasound and injecting a ropivacaine/dye solution under ultrasound guidance successfully stained the sciatic nerve in the majority of cases. This technique holds potential for providing analgesia distal to the stifle joint; however, further investigations are necessary to evaluate its practical application in a clinical setting.