TY - JOUR
T1 - Treatment-refractory schizophrenia in children and adolescents
T2 - An update on clozapine and other pharmacologic interventions
AU - Kranzler, Harvey N.
AU - Kester, Hana M.
AU - Gerbino-Rosen, Ginny
AU - Henderson, Inika N.
AU - Youngerman, Joseph
AU - Beauzile, Guy
AU - Ditkowsky, Keith
AU - Kumra, Sanjiv
PY - 2006/1
Y1 - 2006/1
N2 - Treatment-refractory early-onset schizophrenia is a rare but severe form of the disorder associated with poor premorbid function and long-term disability. The currently available evidence suggests that clozapine remains the most efficacious treatment for the amelioration of both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder and problematic aggressive behaviors. Clozapine use in children and adolescents, however, is limited by its association with hematologic adverse events and an increased frequency of seizure activity. Further studies are needed to examine the usefulness of antipsychotic combinations and of augmentation therapies to antipsychotic medications in order to treat persistent residual psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents who have schizophrenia and who have not responded to several sequential trials of antipsychotic monotherapy.
AB - Treatment-refractory early-onset schizophrenia is a rare but severe form of the disorder associated with poor premorbid function and long-term disability. The currently available evidence suggests that clozapine remains the most efficacious treatment for the amelioration of both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder and problematic aggressive behaviors. Clozapine use in children and adolescents, however, is limited by its association with hematologic adverse events and an increased frequency of seizure activity. Further studies are needed to examine the usefulness of antipsychotic combinations and of augmentation therapies to antipsychotic medications in order to treat persistent residual psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents who have schizophrenia and who have not responded to several sequential trials of antipsychotic monotherapy.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chc.2005.08.008
DO - 10.1016/j.chc.2005.08.008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16321728
AN - SCOPUS:28444452918
SN - 1056-4993
VL - 15
SP - 135
EP - 159
JO - Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America
JF - Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America
IS - 1
ER -