Abstract
Background: Strong racial discrepancies in end-stage renal disease exist. Whether there are race differences in kidney function loss in younger healthy persons is not well established. Study Design: Longitudinal. Setting & Participants: 3,348 black and white adults with at least 2 measurements of cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) at scheduled Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) examinations (years 10, 15, and 20). Predictor: Race. Outcomes & Measurements: We used linear mixed models to examine race differences in annualized rates of eGFR cys decline, adjusting for age, sex, lifetime exposure to systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg, diabetes, and albumin-creatinine ratio. We used Poisson regression to compare racial differences in rapid decline (eGFR cys decline >3% per year) by study period (10-15 years after baseline examination [defining period 1] and >15-20 years after baseline examination [defining period 2]). Results: Mean age was 35 ± 3.6 (SD) years, and mean eGFRcys was 110 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 for blacks and 104 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 for whites at baseline. For both blacks and whites, eGFRcys decline was minimal at younger ages (<35 years) and eGFRcys loss accelerated at older ages. However, acceleration of eGFRcys decline occurred at earlier ages for blacks than whites. Blacks had somewhat faster annualized rates of decline compared with whites, but differences were attenuated after adjustment in period 1 (0.13 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year faster; P = 0.2). In contrast, during period 2, blacks had significantly faster annualized rates of decline, even after adjustment (0.32 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year faster; P = 0.003). The prevalence of rapid decline was significantly higher for blacks versus whites, with prevalence rate ratios of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.04-1.63) for period 1 and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.09-1.41) for period 2. Differences were attenuated after full adjustment: adjusted prevalence rate ratios were 1.20 (95% CI, 0.95-1.49) for period 1 and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.96-1.26) for period 2. Limitations: No measured GFR. Conclusions: eGFRcys decline differs by race at early ages, with faster annualized rates of decline for blacks. Future studies are required to explain the observed differences.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 261-266 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
Volume | 62 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 2013 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Support: Dr Peralta is funded by grant 1K23DK082793-01 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the Robert Wood Johnson Harold Amos Program. Dr Bibbins-Domingo was in part supported by grant R01DK078124 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), grant N01HC48050 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), from grant 1P60MD006902 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Comprehensive Centers of Excellence and from grant P30-DK092924 from the NIDDK .
Keywords
- Trajectories
- decline
- kidney
- race