Three options are optimal for multiple-choice items: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research

Multiple-choice items are a mainstay of achievement testing. The need to adequately cover the content domain to certify achievement proficiency by producing meaningful precise scores requires many high-quality items. More 3-option items can be administered than 4- or 5-option items per testing time while improving content coverage, without detrimental effects on psychometric quality of test scores. Researchers have endorsed 3-option items for over 80 years with empirical evidence - the results of which have been synthesized in an effort to unify this endorsement and encourage its adoption.