TY - JOUR
T1 - The scoring of movements in sleep
AU - Walters, Arthur S.
AU - Lavigne, Gilles
AU - Hening, Wayne
AU - Picchietti, Daniel L.
AU - Allen, Richard P.
AU - Chokroverty, Sudhansu
AU - Kushida, Clete A.
AU - Bliwise, Donald L.
AU - Mahowald, Mark W.
AU - Schenck, Carlos H.
AU - Ancoli-Israel, Sonia
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/3/15
Y1 - 2007/3/15
N2 - The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) has separated sleep-related movement disorders into simple, repetitive movement disorders (such as periodic limb movements in sleep [PLMS], sleep bruxism, and rhythmic movement disorder) and parasomnias (such as REM sleep behavior disorder and disorders of partial arousal, e.g., sleep walking, confusional arousals, night terrors). Many of the parasomnias are characterized by complex behaviors in sleep that appear purposeful, goal directed and voluntary but are outside the conscious awareness of the individual and therefore inappropriate. All of the sleep-related movement disorders described here have specific polysomnographic findings. For the purposes of developing and/or revising specifications and polysomnographic scoring rules, the AASM Scoring Manual Task Force on Movements in Sleep reviewed background literature and executed evidence grading of 81 relevant articles obtained by a literature search of published articles between 1966 and 2004. Subsequent evidence grading identified limited evidence for reliability and/or validity for polysomnographic scoring criteria for periodic limb movements in sleep, REM sleep behavior disorder, and sleep bruxism. Published scoring criteria for rhythmic movement disorder, excessive fragmentary myoclonus, and hypnagogic foot tremor/alternating leg muscle activation were empirical and based on descriptive studies. The literature review disclosed no published evidence defining clinical consequences of excessive fragmentary myoclonus or hypnagogic foot tremor/alternating leg muscle activation. Because of limited or absent evidence for reliability and/or validity, a standardized RAND/UCLA consensus process was employed for recommendation of specific rules for the scoring of sleep-associated movements.
AB - The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) has separated sleep-related movement disorders into simple, repetitive movement disorders (such as periodic limb movements in sleep [PLMS], sleep bruxism, and rhythmic movement disorder) and parasomnias (such as REM sleep behavior disorder and disorders of partial arousal, e.g., sleep walking, confusional arousals, night terrors). Many of the parasomnias are characterized by complex behaviors in sleep that appear purposeful, goal directed and voluntary but are outside the conscious awareness of the individual and therefore inappropriate. All of the sleep-related movement disorders described here have specific polysomnographic findings. For the purposes of developing and/or revising specifications and polysomnographic scoring rules, the AASM Scoring Manual Task Force on Movements in Sleep reviewed background literature and executed evidence grading of 81 relevant articles obtained by a literature search of published articles between 1966 and 2004. Subsequent evidence grading identified limited evidence for reliability and/or validity for polysomnographic scoring criteria for periodic limb movements in sleep, REM sleep behavior disorder, and sleep bruxism. Published scoring criteria for rhythmic movement disorder, excessive fragmentary myoclonus, and hypnagogic foot tremor/alternating leg muscle activation were empirical and based on descriptive studies. The literature review disclosed no published evidence defining clinical consequences of excessive fragmentary myoclonus or hypnagogic foot tremor/alternating leg muscle activation. Because of limited or absent evidence for reliability and/or validity, a standardized RAND/UCLA consensus process was employed for recommendation of specific rules for the scoring of sleep-associated movements.
KW - Alternating leg muscle activation
KW - Excessive fragmentary myoclonus
KW - Hypnagogic foot tremor
KW - Periodic limb movements in sleep
KW - REM sleep behavior disorder
KW - Sleep bruxism
KW - Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34247530398&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34247530398&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5664/jcsm.26817
DO - 10.5664/jcsm.26817
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17557425
AN - SCOPUS:34247530398
SN - 1550-9389
VL - 3
SP - 155
EP - 167
JO - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
IS - 2
ER -