The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment

D. G. Michael; P. Adamson; T. Alexopoulos; W. W M Allison; G. J. Alner; K. Anderson; C. Andreopoulos; M. Andrews; R. Andrews; C. Arroyo; S. Avvakumov; D. S. Ayres; B. Baller; B. Barish; M. A. Barker; P. D. Barnes; G. Barr; W. L. Barrett; E. Beall; K. Bechtol; B. R. Becker; A. Belias; T. Bergfeld; R. H. Bernstein; D. Bhattacharya; M. Bishai; A. Blake; V. Bocean; B. Bock; G. J. Bock; J. Boehm; D. J. Boehnlein; D. Bogert; P. M. Border; C. Bower; S. Boyd; E. Buckley-Geer; A. Byon-Wagner; A. Cabrera; J. D. Chapman; T. R. Chase; S. K. Chernichenko; S. Childress; B. C. Choudhary; J. H. Cobb; S. J. Coleman; J. D. Cossairt; H. Courant; D. A. Crane; A. J. Culling; D. Damiani; J. W. Dawson; J. K. de Jong; D. M. DeMuth; A. De Santo; M. Dierckxsens; M. V. Diwan; M. Dorman; G. Drake; R. Ducar; T. Durkin; A. R. Erwin; C. O. Escobar; J. J. Evans; O. D. Fackler; E. Falk Harris; G. J. Feldman; N. Felt; T. H. Fields; R. Ford; M. V. Frohne; H. R. Gallagher; M. Gebhard; A. Godley; J. Gogos; M. C. Goodman; Yu Gornushkin; P. Gouffon; E. W. Grashorn; N. Grossman; J. J. Grudzinski; K. Grzelak; V. Guarino; A. Habig; R. Halsall; J. Hanson; D. Harris; P. G. Harris; J. Hartnell; E. P. Hartouni; R. Hatcher; K. Heller; N. Hill; Y. Ho; C. Howcroft; J. Hylen; M. Ignatenko; D. Indurthy; G. M. Irwin; C. James; L. Jenner; D. Jensen; T. Joffe-Minor; T. Kafka; H. J. Kang; S. M S Kasahara; J. Kilmer; H. Kim; M. S. Kim; G. Koizumi; S. Kopp; M. Kordosky; D. J. Koskinen; M. Kostin; S. K. Kotelnikov; D. A. Krakauer; S. Kumaratunga; A. S. Ladran; K. Lang; C. Laughton; A. Lebedev; R. Lee; W. Y. Lee; M. A. Libkind; J. Liu; P. J. Litchfield; R. P. Litchfield; N. P. Longley; P. Lucas; W. Luebke; S. Madani; E. Maher; V. Makeev; W. A. Mann; A. Marchionni; A. D. Marino; M. L. Marshak; J. S. Marshall; J. McDonald; A. M. McGowan; J. R. Meier; G. I. Merzon; M. D. Messier; R. H. Milburn; J. L. Miller; W. H. Miller; S. R. Mishra; P. S. Miyagawa; C. D. Moore; J. Morfín; R. Morse; L. Mualem; S. Mufson; S. Murgia; M. J. Murtagh; J. Musser; D. Naples; C. Nelson; J. K. Nelson; H. B. Newman; F. Nezrick; R. J. Nichol; T. C. Nicholls; J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux; J. Oliver; W. P. Oliver; V. A. Onuchin; T. Osiecki; R. Ospanov; J. Paley; V. Paolone; A. Para; T. Patzak; Ž Pavlović; G. F. Pearce; N. Pearson; C. W. Peck; C. Perry; E. A. Peterson; D. A. Petyt; H. Ping; R. Piteira; A. Pla-Dalmau; R. K. Plunkett; L. E. Price; M. Proga; D. R. Pushka; D. Rahman; R. A. Rameika; T. M. Raufer; A. L. Read; B. Rebel; D. E. Reyna; C. Rosenfeld; H. A. Rubin; K. Ruddick; V. A. Ryabov; R. Saakyan; M. C. Sanchez; N. Saoulidou; J. Schneps; P. V. Schoessow; P. Schreiner; R. Schwienhorst; V. K. Semenov; S. M. Seun; P. Shanahan; P. D. Shield; R. Shivane; W. Smart; V. Smirnitsky; C. Smith; P. N. Smith; A. Sousa; B. Speakman; P. Stamoulis; A. Stefanik; P. Sullivan; J. M. Swan; P. A. Symes; N. Tagg; R. L. Talaga; A. Terekhov; E. Tetteh-Lartey; J. Thomas; J. Thompson; M. A. Thomson; J. L. Thron; R. Trendler; J. Trevor; I. Trostin; V. A. Tsarev; G. Tzanakos; J. Urheim; P. Vahle; M. Vakili; K. Vaziri; C. Velissaris; V. Verebryusov; B. Viren; L. Wai; C. P. Ward; D. R. Ward; M. Watabe; A. Weber; R. C. Webb; A. Wehmann; N. West; C. White; R. F. White; S. G. Wojcicki; D. M. Wright; Q. K. Wu; W. G. Yan; T. Yang; F. X. Yumiceva; J. C. Yun; H. Zheng; M. Zois; R. Zwaska

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment

D. G. Michael, P. Adamson, T. Alexopoulos, W. W M Allison, G. J. Alner, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, C. Arroyo, S. Avvakumov, D. S. Ayres, B. Baller, B. Barish, M. A. Barker, P. D. Barnes, G. Barr, W. L. Barrett, E. Beall, K. BechtolB. R. Becker, A. Belias, T. Bergfeld, R. H. Bernstein, D. Bhattacharya, M. Bishai, A. Blake, V. Bocean, B. Bock, G. J. Bock, J. Boehm, D. J. Boehnlein, D. Bogert, P. M. Border, C. Bower, S. Boyd, E. Buckley-Geer, A. Byon-Wagner, A. Cabrera, J. D. Chapman, T. R. Chase, S. K. Chernichenko, S. Childress, B. C. Choudhary, J. H. Cobb, S. J. Coleman, J. D. Cossairt, H. Courant, D. A. Crane, A. J. Culling, D. Damiani, J. W. Dawson, J. K. de Jong, D. M. DeMuth, A. De Santo, M. Dierckxsens, M. V. Diwan, M. Dorman, G. Drake, R. Ducar, T. Durkin, A. R. Erwin, C. O. Escobar, J. J. Evans, O. D. Fackler, E. Falk Harris, G. J. Feldman, N. Felt, T. H. Fields, R. Ford, M. V. Frohne, H. R. Gallagher, M. Gebhard, A. Godley, J. Gogos, M. C. Goodman, Yu Gornushkin, P. Gouffon, E. W. Grashorn, N. Grossman, J. J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, V. Guarino, A. Habig, R. Halsall, J. Hanson, D. Harris, P. G. Harris, J. Hartnell, E. P. Hartouni, R. Hatcher, K. Heller, N. Hill, Y. Ho, C. Howcroft, J. Hylen, M. Ignatenko, D. Indurthy, G. M. Irwin, C. James, L. Jenner, D. Jensen, T. Joffe-Minor, T. Kafka, H. J. Kang, S. M S Kasahara, J. Kilmer, H. Kim, M. S. Kim, G. Koizumi, S. Kopp, M. Kordosky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kostin, S. K. Kotelnikov, D. A. Krakauer, S. Kumaratunga, A. S. Ladran, K. Lang, C. Laughton, A. Lebedev, R. Lee, W. Y. Lee, M. A. Libkind, J. Liu, P. J. Litchfield, R. P. Litchfield, N. P. Longley, P. Lucas, W. Luebke, S. Madani, E. Maher, V. Makeev, W. A. Mann, A. Marchionni, A. D. Marino, M. L. Marshak, J. S. Marshall, J. McDonald, A. M. McGowan, J. R. Meier, G. I. Merzon, M. D. Messier, R. H. Milburn, J. L. Miller, W. H. Miller, S. R. Mishra, P. S. Miyagawa, C. D. Moore, J. Morfín, R. Morse, L. Mualem, S. Mufson, S. Murgia, M. J. Murtagh, J. Musser, D. Naples, C. Nelson, J. K. Nelson, H. B. Newman, F. Nezrick, R. J. Nichol, T. C. Nicholls, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. Oliver, W. P. Oliver, V. A. Onuchin, T. Osiecki, R. Ospanov, J. Paley, V. Paolone, A. Para, T. Patzak, Ž Pavlović, G. F. Pearce, N. Pearson, C. W. Peck, C. Perry, E. A. Peterson, D. A. Petyt, H. Ping, R. Piteira, A. Pla-Dalmau, R. K. Plunkett, L. E. Price, M. Proga, D. R. Pushka, D. Rahman, R. A. Rameika, T. M. Raufer, A. L. Read, B. Rebel, D. E. Reyna, C. Rosenfeld, H. A. Rubin, K. Ruddick, V. A. Ryabov, R. Saakyan, M. C. Sanchez, N. Saoulidou, J. Schneps, P. V. Schoessow, P. Schreiner, R. Schwienhorst, V. K. Semenov, S. M. Seun, P. Shanahan, P. D. Shield, R. Shivane, W. Smart, V. Smirnitsky, C. Smith, P. N. Smith, A. Sousa, B. Speakman, P. Stamoulis, A. Stefanik, P. Sullivan, J. M. Swan, P. A. Symes, N. Tagg, R. L. Talaga, A. Terekhov, E. Tetteh-Lartey, J. Thomas, J. Thompson, M. A. Thomson, J. L. Thron, R. Trendler, J. Trevor, I. Trostin, V. A. Tsarev, G. Tzanakos, J. Urheim, P. Vahle, M. Vakili, K. Vaziri, C. Velissaris, V. Verebryusov, B. Viren, L. Wai, C. P. Ward, D. R. Ward, M. Watabe, A. Weber, R. C. Webb, A. Wehmann, N. West, C. White, R. F. White, S. G. Wojcicki, D. M. Wright, Q. K. Wu, W. G. Yan, T. Yang, F. X. Yumiceva, J. C. Yun, H. Zheng, M. Zois, R. Zwaska

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

253 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	190-228
Number of pages	39
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	596
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003
State	Published - Nov 1 2008

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, and FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) in Brazil. This experiment would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the members of the Fermilab Accelerator and Particle Physics Divisions in building and operating the NuMI neutrino beamline. We thank the members of the Beam Design Group at the Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia for their important contributions to the designs of the neutrino-beam target and horn systems. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park. We also thank the crew of the Soudan Underground Laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS far detector. Students in the University of Minnesota Mechanical Engineering Department made substantial contributions to the design of the scintillator module crimping machine.

Keywords

Calorimeters: tracking
Detectors: neutrino
Detectors: scintillator
Extruded plastic scintillator

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10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

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Michael, D. G., Adamson, P., Alexopoulos, T., Allison, W. W. M., Alner, G. J., Anderson, K., Andreopoulos, C., Andrews, M., Andrews, R., Arroyo, C., Avvakumov, S., Ayres, D. S., Baller, B., Barish, B., Barker, M. A., Barnes, P. D., Barr, G., Barrett, W. L., Beall, E., ... Zwaska, R. (2008). The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 596(2), 190-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment. / Michael, D. G.; Adamson, P.; Alexopoulos, T. et al.

In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 596, No. 2, 01.11.2008, p. 190-228.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Michael, DG, Adamson, P, Alexopoulos, T, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Arroyo, C, Avvakumov, S, Ayres, DS, Baller, B, Barish, B, Barker, MA, Barnes, PD, Barr, G, Barrett, WL, Beall, E, Bechtol, K, Becker, BR, Belias, A, Bergfeld, T, Bernstein, RH, Bhattacharya, D, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bocean, V, Bock, B, Bock, GJ, Boehm, J, Boehnlein, DJ, Bogert, D, Border, PM, Bower, C, Boyd, S, Buckley-Geer, E, Byon-Wagner, A, Cabrera, A, Chapman, JD, Chase, TR, Chernichenko, SK, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Cobb, JH, Coleman, SJ, Cossairt, JD, Courant, H, Crane, DA, Culling, AJ, Damiani, D, Dawson, JW, de Jong, JK, DeMuth, DM, De Santo, A, Dierckxsens, M, Diwan, MV, Dorman, M, Drake, G, Ducar, R, Durkin, T, Erwin, AR, Escobar, CO, Evans, JJ, Fackler, OD, Falk Harris, E, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fields, TH, Ford, R, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Godley, A, Gogos, J, Goodman, MC, Gornushkin, Y, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, EW, Grossman, N, Grudzinski, JJ, Grzelak, K, Guarino, V, Habig, A, Halsall, R, Hanson, J, Harris, D, Harris, PG, Hartnell, J, Hartouni, EP, Hatcher, R, Heller, K, Hill, N, Ho, Y, Howcroft, C, Hylen, J, Ignatenko, M, Indurthy, D, Irwin, GM, James, C, Jenner, L, Jensen, D, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kang, HJ, Kasahara, SMS, Kilmer, J, Kim, H, Kim, MS, Koizumi, G, Kopp, S, Kordosky, M, Koskinen, DJ, Kostin, M, Kotelnikov, SK, Krakauer, DA, Kumaratunga, S, Ladran, AS, Lang, K, Laughton, C, Lebedev, A, Lee, R, Lee, WY, Libkind, MA, Liu, J, Litchfield, PJ, Litchfield, RP, Longley, NP, Lucas, P, Luebke, W, Madani, S, Maher, E, Makeev, V, Mann, WA, Marchionni, A, Marino, AD, Marshak, ML, Marshall, JS, McDonald, J, McGowan, AM, Meier, JR, Merzon, GI, Messier, MD, Milburn, RH, Miller, JL, Miller, WH, Mishra, SR, Miyagawa, PS, Moore, CD, Morfín, J, Morse, R, Mualem, L, Mufson, S, Murgia, S, Murtagh, MJ, Musser, J, Naples, D, Nelson, C, Nelson, JK, Newman, HB, Nezrick, F, Nichol, RJ, Nicholls, TC, Ochoa-Ricoux, JP, Oliver, J, Oliver, WP, Onuchin, VA, Osiecki, T, Ospanov, R, Paley, J, Paolone, V, Para, A, Patzak, T, Pavlović, Ž, Pearce, GF, Pearson, N, Peck, CW, Perry, C, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Ping, H, Piteira, R, Pla-Dalmau, A, Plunkett, RK, Price, LE, Proga, M, Pushka, DR, Rahman, D, Rameika, RA, Raufer, TM, Read, AL, Rebel, B, Reyna, DE, Rosenfeld, C, Rubin, HA, Ruddick, K, Ryabov, VA, Saakyan, R, Sanchez, MC, Saoulidou, N, Schneps, J, Schoessow, PV, Schreiner, P, Schwienhorst, R, Semenov, VK, Seun, SM, Shanahan, P, Shield, PD, Shivane, R, Smart, W, Smirnitsky, V, Smith, C, Smith, PN, Sousa, A, Speakman, B, Stamoulis, P, Stefanik, A, Sullivan, P, Swan, JM, Symes, PA, Tagg, N, Talaga, RL, Terekhov, A, Tetteh-Lartey, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, J, Thomson, MA, Thron, JL, Trendler, R, Trevor, J, Trostin, I, Tsarev, VA, Tzanakos, G, Urheim, J, Vahle, P, Vakili, M, Vaziri, K, Velissaris, C, Verebryusov, V, Viren, B, Wai, L, Ward, CP, Ward, DR, Watabe, M, Weber, A, Webb, RC, Wehmann, A, West, N, White, C, White, RF, Wojcicki, SG, Wright, DM, Wu, QK, Yan, WG, Yang, T, Yumiceva, FX, Yun, JC, Zheng, H, Zois, M & Zwaska, R 2008, 'The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 596, no. 2, pp. 190-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

@article{dfbc259b405f40f4b6a37787a0433399,

title = "The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment",

abstract = "The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the {"}atmospheric neutrino{"} sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.",

keywords = "Calorimeters: tracking, Detectors: neutrino, Detectors: scintillator, Extruded plastic scintillator",

author = "Michael, {D. G.} and P. Adamson and T. Alexopoulos and Allison, {W. W M} and Alner, {G. J.} and K. Anderson and C. Andreopoulos and M. Andrews and R. Andrews and C. Arroyo and S. Avvakumov and Ayres, {D. S.} and B. Baller and B. Barish and Barker, {M. A.} and Barnes, {P. D.} and G. Barr and Barrett, {W. L.} and E. Beall and K. Bechtol and Becker, {B. R.} and A. Belias and T. Bergfeld and Bernstein, {R. H.} and D. Bhattacharya and M. Bishai and A. Blake and V. Bocean and B. Bock and Bock, {G. J.} and J. Boehm and Boehnlein, {D. J.} and D. Bogert and Border, {P. M.} and C. Bower and S. Boyd and E. Buckley-Geer and A. Byon-Wagner and A. Cabrera and Chapman, {J. D.} and Chase, {T. R.} and Chernichenko, {S. K.} and S. Childress and Choudhary, {B. C.} and Cobb, {J. H.} and Coleman, {S. J.} and Cossairt, {J. D.} and H. Courant and Crane, {D. A.} and Culling, {A. J.} and D. Damiani and Dawson, {J. W.} and {de Jong}, {J. K.} and DeMuth, {D. M.} and {De Santo}, A. and M. Dierckxsens and Diwan, {M. V.} and M. Dorman and G. Drake and R. Ducar and T. Durkin and Erwin, {A. R.} and Escobar, {C. O.} and Evans, {J. J.} and Fackler, {O. D.} and {Falk Harris}, E. and Feldman, {G. J.} and N. Felt and Fields, {T. H.} and R. Ford and Frohne, {M. V.} and Gallagher, {H. R.} and M. Gebhard and A. Godley and J. Gogos and Goodman, {M. C.} and Yu Gornushkin and P. Gouffon and Grashorn, {E. W.} and N. Grossman and Grudzinski, {J. J.} and K. Grzelak and V. Guarino and A. Habig and R. Halsall and J. Hanson and D. Harris and Harris, {P. G.} and J. Hartnell and Hartouni, {E. P.} and R. Hatcher and K. Heller and N. Hill and Y. Ho and C. Howcroft and J. Hylen and M. Ignatenko and D. Indurthy and Irwin, {G. M.} and C. James and L. Jenner and D. Jensen and T. Joffe-Minor and T. Kafka and Kang, {H. J.} and Kasahara, {S. M S} and J. Kilmer and H. Kim and Kim, {M. S.} and G. Koizumi and S. Kopp and M. Kordosky and Koskinen, {D. J.} and M. Kostin and Kotelnikov, {S. K.} and Krakauer, {D. A.} and S. Kumaratunga and Ladran, {A. S.} and K. Lang and C. Laughton and A. Lebedev and R. Lee and Lee, {W. Y.} and Libkind, {M. A.} and J. Liu and Litchfield, {P. J.} and Litchfield, {R. P.} and Longley, {N. P.} and P. Lucas and W. Luebke and S. Madani and E. Maher and V. Makeev and Mann, {W. A.} and A. Marchionni and Marino, {A. D.} and Marshak, {M. L.} and Marshall, {J. S.} and J. McDonald and McGowan, {A. M.} and Meier, {J. R.} and Merzon, {G. I.} and Messier, {M. D.} and Milburn, {R. H.} and Miller, {J. L.} and Miller, {W. H.} and Mishra, {S. R.} and Miyagawa, {P. S.} and Moore, {C. D.} and J. Morf{\'i}n and R. Morse and L. Mualem and S. Mufson and S. Murgia and Murtagh, {M. J.} and J. Musser and D. Naples and C. Nelson and Nelson, {J. K.} and Newman, {H. B.} and F. Nezrick and Nichol, {R. J.} and Nicholls, {T. C.} and Ochoa-Ricoux, {J. P.} and J. Oliver and Oliver, {W. P.} and Onuchin, {V. A.} and T. Osiecki and R. Ospanov and J. Paley and V. Paolone and A. Para and T. Patzak and {\v Z} Pavlovi{\'c} and Pearce, {G. F.} and N. Pearson and Peck, {C. W.} and C. Perry and Peterson, {E. A.} and Petyt, {D. A.} and H. Ping and R. Piteira and A. Pla-Dalmau and Plunkett, {R. K.} and Price, {L. E.} and M. Proga and Pushka, {D. R.} and D. Rahman and Rameika, {R. A.} and Raufer, {T. M.} and Read, {A. L.} and B. Rebel and Reyna, {D. E.} and C. Rosenfeld and Rubin, {H. A.} and K. Ruddick and Ryabov, {V. A.} and R. Saakyan and Sanchez, {M. C.} and N. Saoulidou and J. Schneps and Schoessow, {P. V.} and P. Schreiner and R. Schwienhorst and Semenov, {V. K.} and Seun, {S. M.} and P. Shanahan and Shield, {P. D.} and R. Shivane and W. Smart and V. Smirnitsky and C. Smith and Smith, {P. N.} and A. Sousa and B. Speakman and P. Stamoulis and A. Stefanik and P. Sullivan and Swan, {J. M.} and Symes, {P. A.} and N. Tagg and Talaga, {R. L.} and A. Terekhov and E. Tetteh-Lartey and J. Thomas and J. Thompson and Thomson, {M. A.} and Thron, {J. L.} and R. Trendler and J. Trevor and I. Trostin and Tsarev, {V. A.} and G. Tzanakos and J. Urheim and P. Vahle and M. Vakili and K. Vaziri and C. Velissaris and V. Verebryusov and B. Viren and L. Wai and Ward, {C. P.} and Ward, {D. R.} and M. Watabe and A. Weber and Webb, {R. C.} and A. Wehmann and N. West and C. White and White, {R. F.} and Wojcicki, {S. G.} and Wright, {D. M.} and Wu, {Q. K.} and Yan, {W. G.} and T. Yang and Yumiceva, {F. X.} and Yun, {J. C.} and H. Zheng and M. Zois and R. Zwaska",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, and FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) in Brazil. This experiment would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the members of the Fermilab Accelerator and Particle Physics Divisions in building and operating the NuMI neutrino beamline. We thank the members of the Beam Design Group at the Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia for their important contributions to the designs of the neutrino-beam target and horn systems. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park. We also thank the crew of the Soudan Underground Laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS far detector. Students in the University of Minnesota Mechanical Engineering Department made substantial contributions to the design of the scintillator module crimping machine.",

year = "2008",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "596",

pages = "190--228",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Adamson, P.

AU - Alexopoulos, T.

AU - Allison, W. W M

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N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, and FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) in Brazil. This experiment would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the members of the Fermilab Accelerator and Particle Physics Divisions in building and operating the NuMI neutrino beamline. We thank the members of the Beam Design Group at the Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia for their important contributions to the designs of the neutrino-beam target and horn systems. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park. We also thank the crew of the Soudan Underground Laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS far detector. Students in the University of Minnesota Mechanical Engineering Department made substantial contributions to the design of the scintillator module crimping machine.

PY - 2008/11/1

Y1 - 2008/11/1

N2 - The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

AB - The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

KW - Calorimeters: tracking

KW - Detectors: neutrino

KW - Detectors: scintillator

KW - Extruded plastic scintillator

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=54049120149&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=54049120149&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.003

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:54049120149

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 596

SP - 190

EP - 228

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 2

ER -

The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment

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