The Interdisciplinary Entanglement of Characterization and Explanation

Philosophers have traditionally focused on the nature of scientific explanation while ignoring the process by which features of the world are formulated as discrete explanantia and explananda. However, the characterization of phenomena is an important activity in its own right, and is intertwined with evaluations of the appropriateness and sufficiency of explanatory strategies. We explore this entanglement of characterization and explanation using an extended case study from deep time: research into the Cambrian explosion. Our analysis focuses on three spheres of research that together illustrate key features of characterization for complex phenomena, including open-endedness, interdisciplinarity, and a concern with explananda and explanantia alike. In addition, they suggest a pair of substantive claims: (1) characterizations of complex phenomena are frequently contested along several dimensions of descriptive understanding, and (2) the dynamics of characterization for complex phenomena are poorly described by models that treat recharacterization primarily as a response to explanatory failures.