The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Elisabetta Mazzucotelli; Giuseppe Sciara; Anna M. Mastrangelo; Francesca Desiderio; Steven S. Xu; Justin Faris; Matthew J. Hayden; Penny J. Tricker; Hakan Ozkan; Viviana Echenique; Brian J. Steffenson; Ron Knox; Abdoul A. Niane; Sripada M. Udupa; Friedrich C.H. Longin; Daniela Marone; Giuseppe Petruzzino; Simona Corneti; Danara Ormanbekova; Curtis Pozniak; Pablo F. Roncallo; Diane Mather; Jason A. Able; Ahmed Amri; Hans Braun; Karim Ammar; Michael Baum; Luigi Cattivelli; Marco Maccaferri; Roberto Tuberosa; Filippo M. Bassi

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Giuseppe Sciara, Anna M. Mastrangelo, Francesca Desiderio, Steven S. Xu, Justin Faris, Matthew J. Hayden, Penny J. Tricker, Hakan Ozkan, Viviana Echenique, Brian J. Steffenson, Ron Knox, Abdoul A. Niane, Sripada M. Udupa, Friedrich C.H. Longin, Daniela Marone, Giuseppe Petruzzino, Simona Corneti, Danara Ormanbekova, Curtis PozniakPablo F. Roncallo, Diane Mather, Jason A. Able, Ahmed Amri, Hans Braun, Karim Ammar, Michael Baum, Luigi Cattivelli, Marco Maccaferri, Roberto Tuberosa, Filippo M. Bassi

Plant Pathology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r² = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (F_st) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	569905
Journal	Frontiers in Plant Science
Volume	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.569905
State	Published - Dec 21 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Mr. Abu Nakad Rukoz, M.me Nada Saghbini, and M.me Hoda Abou Younes for maintaining, multiplying, and distributing the pure seeds of the GDP collection in Lebanon. Recognition goes also to the several germplasm donors that supported this international initiative. Funding. The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT- Argentina “Análisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociación para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier’s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative.

Funding Information:
The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT-Argentina “Análisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociación para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier’s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative.

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Mazzucotelli, Sciara, Mastrangelo, Desiderio, Xu, Faris, Hayden, Tricker, Ozkan, Echenique, Steffenson, Knox, Niane, Udupa, Longin, Marone, Petruzzino, Corneti, Ormanbekova, Pozniak, Roncallo, Mather, Able, Amri, Braun, Ammar, Baum, Cattivelli, Maccaferri, Tuberosa and Bassi.

Keywords

breeding history
durum wheat
genetic diversity
selection sweep
wheat initiative

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10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

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Mazzucotelli, E., Sciara, G., Mastrangelo, A. M., Desiderio, F., Xu, S. S., Faris, J., Hayden, M. J., Tricker, P. J., Ozkan, H., Echenique, V., Steffenson, B. J., Knox, R., Niane, A. A., Udupa, S. M., Longin, F. C. H., Marone, D., Petruzzino, G., Corneti, S., Ormanbekova, D., ... Bassi, F. M. (2020). The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, [569905]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

Mazzucotelli, E, Sciara, G, Mastrangelo, AM, Desiderio, F, Xu, SS, Faris, J, Hayden, MJ, Tricker, PJ, Ozkan, H, Echenique, V, Steffenson, BJ, Knox, R, Niane, AA, Udupa, SM, Longin, FCH, Marone, D, Petruzzino, G, Corneti, S, Ormanbekova, D, Pozniak, C, Roncallo, PF, Mather, D, Able, JA, Amri, A, Braun, H, Ammar, K, Baum, M, Cattivelli, L, Maccaferri, M, Tuberosa, R & Bassi, FM 2020, 'The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 11, 569905. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

@article{7a4100da07c14356a1c884203312ac96,

title = "The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles",

abstract = "Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r2 = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (Fst) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.",

keywords = "breeding history, durum wheat, genetic diversity, selection sweep, wheat initiative",

author = "Elisabetta Mazzucotelli and Giuseppe Sciara and Mastrangelo, {Anna M.} and Francesca Desiderio and Xu, {Steven S.} and Justin Faris and Hayden, {Matthew J.} and Tricker, {Penny J.} and Hakan Ozkan and Viviana Echenique and Steffenson, {Brian J.} and Ron Knox and Niane, {Abdoul A.} and Udupa, {Sripada M.} and Longin, {Friedrich C.H.} and Daniela Marone and Giuseppe Petruzzino and Simona Corneti and Danara Ormanbekova and Curtis Pozniak and Roncallo, {Pablo F.} and Diane Mather and Able, {Jason A.} and Ahmed Amri and Hans Braun and Karim Ammar and Michael Baum and Luigi Cattivelli and Marco Maccaferri and Roberto Tuberosa and Bassi, {Filippo M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Mr. Abu Nakad Rukoz, M.me Nada Saghbini, and M.me Hoda Abou Younes for maintaining, multiplying, and distributing the pure seeds of the GDP collection in Lebanon. Recognition goes also to the several germplasm donors that supported this international initiative. Funding. The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT- Argentina “An{\'a}lisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociaci{\'o}n para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier{\textquoteright}s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative. Funding Information: The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT-Argentina “An{\'a}lisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociaci{\'o}n para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier{\textquoteright}s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Mazzucotelli, Sciara, Mastrangelo, Desiderio, Xu, Faris, Hayden, Tricker, Ozkan, Echenique, Steffenson, Knox, Niane, Udupa, Longin, Marone, Petruzzino, Corneti, Ormanbekova, Pozniak, Roncallo, Mather, Able, Amri, Braun, Ammar, Baum, Cattivelli, Maccaferri, Tuberosa and Bassi.",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "21",

doi = "10.3389/fpls.2020.569905",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "11",

journal = "Frontiers in Plant Science",

issn = "1664-462X",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP)

T2 - An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

AU - Mazzucotelli, Elisabetta

AU - Sciara, Giuseppe

AU - Mastrangelo, Anna M.

AU - Desiderio, Francesca

AU - Xu, Steven S.

AU - Faris, Justin

AU - Hayden, Matthew J.

AU - Tricker, Penny J.

AU - Ozkan, Hakan

AU - Echenique, Viviana

AU - Steffenson, Brian J.

AU - Knox, Ron

AU - Niane, Abdoul A.

AU - Udupa, Sripada M.

AU - Longin, Friedrich C.H.

AU - Marone, Daniela

AU - Petruzzino, Giuseppe

AU - Corneti, Simona

AU - Ormanbekova, Danara

AU - Pozniak, Curtis

AU - Roncallo, Pablo F.

AU - Mather, Diane

AU - Able, Jason A.

AU - Amri, Ahmed

AU - Braun, Hans

AU - Ammar, Karim

AU - Baum, Michael

AU - Cattivelli, Luigi

AU - Maccaferri, Marco

AU - Tuberosa, Roberto

AU - Bassi, Filippo M.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Mr. Abu Nakad Rukoz, M.me Nada Saghbini, and M.me Hoda Abou Younes for maintaining, multiplying, and distributing the pure seeds of the GDP collection in Lebanon. Recognition goes also to the several germplasm donors that supported this international initiative. Funding. The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT- Argentina “Análisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociación para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier’s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative. Funding Information: The work of the Global Durum wheat Panel was financially made possible by several international and national donors: the Wheat Initiative – Expert Working Group in Durum Wheat Genomics and Breeding supported the meetings and interactions of the durum wheat research community; CRP WHEAT (CIMMYT) supported the genotyping with KASP of the DWRC collection; “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,” which is supported by the Government of Norway, managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew supported the field work for seed purification and multiplication; CRP WHEAT CoA 3.2 supported the seed distribution to partners; import of seeds and respect of quarantine procedure was supported by USDA-ARS; the high resolution genotyping work was conducted under: H2020-MSCA-RISE 2015 EXPOSEED (ID: 691109) “Exploring the molecular control of seed yield in crops, PICT-2015-1401 ANPCyT-Argentina “Análisis de la estructura del genoma y mapeo por asociación para caracteres de calidad y rendimiento en trigo candeal,” Genome Canada – Genome Prairie (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture), FAO/ITPGRFA (W3B-PR-21 Morocco), Premier’s Research and Industry Fund (Government of South Australia – IRGP15), GRDC (DAN00163), USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS (3060-21000-038-00D), Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at University of Minnesota, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the University of Adelaide, International Funding Initiative of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, Saskatchewan Wheat Development commission, SeCan, and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; data analysis was partially supported by: PRIMA2019 CEREALMED “Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems,” H2020 InnoVar Project “Next generation variety testing for improved cropping on European farmland,” APSOV-UNIBO 2020–2022 Research Agreement “Identification of loci and markers of agronomic interest in wheat” and MIPAAF Italy Systemic-1063 “An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition.” Several partners dedicated time and effort in kind to ensure the good outcome of this initiative. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2020 Mazzucotelli, Sciara, Mastrangelo, Desiderio, Xu, Faris, Hayden, Tricker, Ozkan, Echenique, Steffenson, Knox, Niane, Udupa, Longin, Marone, Petruzzino, Corneti, Ormanbekova, Pozniak, Roncallo, Mather, Able, Amri, Braun, Ammar, Baum, Cattivelli, Maccaferri, Tuberosa and Bassi.

PY - 2020/12/21

Y1 - 2020/12/21

N2 - Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r2 = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (Fst) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.

AB - Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r2 = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (Fst) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.

KW - breeding history

KW - durum wheat

KW - genetic diversity

KW - selection sweep

KW - wheat initiative

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85098788060&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

DO - 10.3389/fpls.2020.569905

M3 - Article

C2 - 33408724

AN - SCOPUS:85098788060

SN - 1664-462X

VL - 11

JO - Frontiers in Plant Science

JF - Frontiers in Plant Science

M1 - 569905

ER -

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

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