TY - JOUR
T1 - The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality
T2 - A randomized clinical trial
AU - Anthonisen, Nicholas R.
AU - Skeans, Melissa A.
AU - Wise, Robert A.
AU - Manfreda, Jure
AU - Kanner, Richard E.
AU - Connett, John E.
PY - 2005/2/15
Y1 - 2005/2/15
N2 - Background: Randomized clinical trials have not yet demonstrated the mortality benefit of smoking cessation. Objective: To assess the long-term effect on mortality of a randomly applied smoking cessation program. Design: The Lung Health Study was a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation. Special intervention participants received the smoking intervention program and were compared with usual care participants. Vital status was followed up to 14.5 years. Setting: 10 clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Patients: 5887 middle-aged volunteers with asymptomatic airway obstruction. Measurements: All-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and other respiratory disease. Intervention: The intervention was a 10-week smoking cessation program that included a strong physician message and 12 group sessions using behavior modification and nicotine gum, plus either ipratropium or a placebo inhaler. Results: At 5 years, 21.7% of special intervention participants had stopped smoking since study entry compared with 5.4% of usual care participants. After up to 14.5 years of follow-up, 731 patients died: 33% of lung cancer, 22% of cardiovascular disease, 7.8% of respiratory disease other than cancer, and 2.3% of unknown causes. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the special intervention group than in the usual care group (8.83 per 1000 person-years vs. 10.38 per 1000 person-years; P = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality in the usual care group compared with the special intervention group was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.37). Differences in death rates for both lung cancer and cardiovascular disease were greater when death rates were analyzed by smoking habit. Limitations: Results apply only to individuals with airway obstruction. Conclusion: Smoking cessation intervention programs can have a substantial effect on subsequent mortality, even when successful in a minority of participants.
AB - Background: Randomized clinical trials have not yet demonstrated the mortality benefit of smoking cessation. Objective: To assess the long-term effect on mortality of a randomly applied smoking cessation program. Design: The Lung Health Study was a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation. Special intervention participants received the smoking intervention program and were compared with usual care participants. Vital status was followed up to 14.5 years. Setting: 10 clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Patients: 5887 middle-aged volunteers with asymptomatic airway obstruction. Measurements: All-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and other respiratory disease. Intervention: The intervention was a 10-week smoking cessation program that included a strong physician message and 12 group sessions using behavior modification and nicotine gum, plus either ipratropium or a placebo inhaler. Results: At 5 years, 21.7% of special intervention participants had stopped smoking since study entry compared with 5.4% of usual care participants. After up to 14.5 years of follow-up, 731 patients died: 33% of lung cancer, 22% of cardiovascular disease, 7.8% of respiratory disease other than cancer, and 2.3% of unknown causes. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the special intervention group than in the usual care group (8.83 per 1000 person-years vs. 10.38 per 1000 person-years; P = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality in the usual care group compared with the special intervention group was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.37). Differences in death rates for both lung cancer and cardiovascular disease were greater when death rates were analyzed by smoking habit. Limitations: Results apply only to individuals with airway obstruction. Conclusion: Smoking cessation intervention programs can have a substantial effect on subsequent mortality, even when successful in a minority of participants.
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U2 - 10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00005
DO - 10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00005
M3 - Article
C2 - 15710956
AN - SCOPUS:13444250953
SN - 0003-4819
VL - 142
SP - 233
EP - 239
JO - Annals of internal medicine
JF - Annals of internal medicine
IS - 4
ER -
