Abstract
Degradation of the Nafion electrolyte in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) limits the lifetime, motivating development of materials that resist degradation. The mechanism for degradation of Nafion under fuel cell conditions remains uncertain. Studies of Nafion degradation in concentrated OH environments, such as Fenton or vapor HOOH tests, show that the main chain significantly degrades in these conditions. However it has not been established whether this applies to fuel cell conditions. We have used quantum mechanics (Density Functional Theory with the B3LYP and M06 functionals) to determine the mechanism of Nafion degradation under both concentrated OH and fuel cell conditions. These studies confirm that under concentrated OH conditions Nafion degrades when peroxide radicals attack end groups (-COOH, -CF=CF2, -CF2H); followed by degradation of Nafion along the polymer main chain, as proposed previously. However we find that under fuel cell conditions, Nafion degradation occurs along the polymer side chain starting with H attacking the side chain groups such as the sulfonic acid, -SO3-. We find that it is easier for OH to attack the main chain than H, while vice versa, it is easier for H radical to attack the side chain than OH.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 276-285 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of Membrane Science |
Volume | 437 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 5 2013 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported with funding from the Ford Motor Company and partially by the National Science Foundation under Grant CBET-1067848 (Program Manager: Dr. George Antos). We would like to thank Dr. Paul Resnick for fruitful discussions. The facilities of the Materials and Process Simulation Center used in this study were established with grants from DURIP-ONR, DURIP-ARO and NSF-CSEM.
Keywords
- DFT
- Nafion
- Radical reactions