Abstract
Although most cases of temporomandibular muscle and joint disorders (TMJD) are mild and self-limiting, about 10% of TMJD patients develop severe disorders associated with chronic pain and disability. It has been suggested that depression and catastrophizing contributes to TMJD chronicity. This article assesses the effects of catastrophizing and depression on clinically significant TMJD pain (Graded Chronic Pain Scale [GCPS] II-IV). Four hundred eighty participants, recruited from the Minneapolis/St. Paul area through media advertisements and local dentists, received examinations and completed the GCPS at baseline and at 18-month follow-up. In a multivariable analysis including gender, age, and worst pain intensity, baseline catastrophizing (β 3.79, P < 0.0001) and pain intensity at baseline (β 0.39, P < 0.0001) were positively associated with characteristic of pain intensity at the 18th month. Disability at the 18-month follow-up was positively related to catastrophizing (β 0.38, P < 0.0001) and depression (β 0.17, P = 0.02). In addition, in the multivariable analysis adjusted by the same covariates previously described, the onset of clinically significant pain (GCPS II-IV) at the 18-month follow-up was associated with catastrophizing (odds ratio [OR] 1.72, P = 0.02). Progression of clinically significant pain was related to catastrophizing (OR 2.16, P < 0.0001) and widespread pain at baseline (OR 1.78, P = 0.048). Results indicate that catastrophizing and depression contribute to the progression of chronic TMJD pain and disability, and therefore should be considered as important factors when evaluating and developing treatment plans for patients with TMJD.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2377-2383 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Pain |
Volume | 152 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2011 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Grant R01DE11252 and the University of Minnesota Oral Health Research Center (NIH/NIDCR Grant DE09737-09 ). This project was also supported by the NIDCR’s TMJ Implant Registry and Repository (NIH/NIDCR Contract #N01-DE22635). The authors thank Dr. Russell Steele for the statistical advice on the manuscript.
Funding Information:
With the Institutional Review Board approval from the Human Subjects Research Protection Program of the University of Minnesota and informed written consent, 591 TMJD subjects were recruited from a project known as the “Etiology Study.” This was a prospective cohort study funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research grant DE09737-09 designed to determine which central and peripheral factors are involved in the etiology of chronic dysfunctional TMJD. The recruitment began on September 1, 1997 and ended on June 30, 2002.
Keywords
- Catastrophizing
- Chronic pain
- Depression
- Pain
- Risk factors
- Temporomandibular muscle and joint disorders