TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of bulking agents on the chemical stability of acid-sensitive compounds in freeze-dried formulations
T2 - Sucrose inversion study
AU - Lu, Enxian
AU - Ewing, Susan
AU - Gatlin, Larry
AU - Suryanarayanan, Raj
AU - Shalaev, Evgenyi
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of amorphous bulking agents on the chemical stability of freeze-dried materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and dextran of different molecular weights and lactose were used as bulking agents, and sucrose was used as an example of an acid-sensitive compound. Lyophiles containing bulking agent and sucrose at 10:1 (w/w) ratio, citrate buffer, and optionally bromophenol blue (pH indicator) were tested by X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Karl Fischer titrimetry. Diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain the concentration ratio of the deprotonated (In2-) to the protonated (HIn-) indicator species, from which the Hammett acidity function (H2-) was calculated. The extent of sucrose inversion in lyophiles stored at 60°C was quantified by HPLC. The bulking agent had a major impact on both the apparent solid-state acidity (H2-) and the degradation rate, with the degradation rate constants value highest for dextran lyophiles (most "acidic", lower H2-) followed by lactose and polyvinylpyrrolidone lyophile (least "acidic", higher H2-). The Hammett acidity function can be used as an empirical solid-state acidity scale, to predict the rank-order stability of acid-sensitive compounds in lyophiles prepared with different bulking agents.
AB - The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of amorphous bulking agents on the chemical stability of freeze-dried materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and dextran of different molecular weights and lactose were used as bulking agents, and sucrose was used as an example of an acid-sensitive compound. Lyophiles containing bulking agent and sucrose at 10:1 (w/w) ratio, citrate buffer, and optionally bromophenol blue (pH indicator) were tested by X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Karl Fischer titrimetry. Diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain the concentration ratio of the deprotonated (In2-) to the protonated (HIn-) indicator species, from which the Hammett acidity function (H2-) was calculated. The extent of sucrose inversion in lyophiles stored at 60°C was quantified by HPLC. The bulking agent had a major impact on both the apparent solid-state acidity (H2-) and the degradation rate, with the degradation rate constants value highest for dextran lyophiles (most "acidic", lower H2-) followed by lactose and polyvinylpyrrolidone lyophile (least "acidic", higher H2-). The Hammett acidity function can be used as an empirical solid-state acidity scale, to predict the rank-order stability of acid-sensitive compounds in lyophiles prepared with different bulking agents.
KW - Amorphous
KW - Formulation
KW - Freeze drying/lyophilization
KW - Polymers
KW - Solid state stability
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U2 - 10.1002/jps.21727
DO - 10.1002/jps.21727
M3 - Article
C2 - 19544366
AN - SCOPUS:68949144633
VL - 98
SP - 3387
EP - 3396
JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
SN - 0022-3549
IS - 9
ER -