Abstract
The domestic chicken is a common model organism for human biological research and of course also forms the basis of a global protein industry. Recent methodological advances have spurred the recognition of microbiomes as complex communities with important influences on the health and disease status of the host. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition. Review and meta-analysis of public data showed cecal communities dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level, while at finer levels of taxonomic resolution, a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of microorganisms appears to have similar metabolic functions that provide important benefits to the host as inferred from metagenomic data. This observation of functional redundancy may have important implications for management of the microbiome. We foresee advances in strategies to improve gut health in commercial operations through management of the intestinal microbiota as an alternative to in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics, improvements in pre- and probiotics, improved management of polymicrobial poultry diseases, and better control of human pathogens via colonization reduction or competitive exclusion strategies. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 100-112 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | FEMS Microbiology Letters |
| Volume | 360 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
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Keywords
- 16S rRNA
- Food safety
- Metagenomics
- Microbiome
- Poultry
Cite this
The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome. / Oakley, Brian B.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Kogut, Michael H.; Kim, Woo K.; Maurer, John J.; Pedroso, Adriana; Lee, Margie D.; Collett, Stephen R.; Johnson, Tim; Cox, Nelson A.
In: FEMS Microbiology Letters, Vol. 360, No. 2, 01.01.2014, p. 100-112.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome
AU - Oakley, Brian B.
AU - Lillehoj, Hyun S.
AU - Kogut, Michael H.
AU - Kim, Woo K.
AU - Maurer, John J.
AU - Pedroso, Adriana
AU - Lee, Margie D.
AU - Collett, Stephen R.
AU - Johnson, Tim
AU - Cox, Nelson A.
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - The domestic chicken is a common model organism for human biological research and of course also forms the basis of a global protein industry. Recent methodological advances have spurred the recognition of microbiomes as complex communities with important influences on the health and disease status of the host. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition. Review and meta-analysis of public data showed cecal communities dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level, while at finer levels of taxonomic resolution, a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of microorganisms appears to have similar metabolic functions that provide important benefits to the host as inferred from metagenomic data. This observation of functional redundancy may have important implications for management of the microbiome. We foresee advances in strategies to improve gut health in commercial operations through management of the intestinal microbiota as an alternative to in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics, improvements in pre- and probiotics, improved management of polymicrobial poultry diseases, and better control of human pathogens via colonization reduction or competitive exclusion strategies. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition.
AB - The domestic chicken is a common model organism for human biological research and of course also forms the basis of a global protein industry. Recent methodological advances have spurred the recognition of microbiomes as complex communities with important influences on the health and disease status of the host. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition. Review and meta-analysis of public data showed cecal communities dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level, while at finer levels of taxonomic resolution, a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of microorganisms appears to have similar metabolic functions that provide important benefits to the host as inferred from metagenomic data. This observation of functional redundancy may have important implications for management of the microbiome. We foresee advances in strategies to improve gut health in commercial operations through management of the intestinal microbiota as an alternative to in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics, improvements in pre- and probiotics, improved management of polymicrobial poultry diseases, and better control of human pathogens via colonization reduction or competitive exclusion strategies. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition.
KW - 16S rRNA
KW - Food safety
KW - Metagenomics
KW - Microbiome
KW - Poultry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84911879093&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84911879093&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/1574-6968.12608
DO - 10.1111/1574-6968.12608
M3 - Article
C2 - 25263745
AN - SCOPUS:84911879093
VL - 360
SP - 100
EP - 112
JO - FEMS Microbiology Letters
JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
SN - 0378-1097
IS - 2
ER -