The buttermilk creek complex and the origins of clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas

Michael R. Waters; Steven L. Forman; Thomas A. Jennings; Lee C. Nordt; Steven G. Driese; Joshua M. Feinberg; Joshua L. Keene; Jessi Halligan; Anna Lindquist; James Pierson; Charles T. Hallmark; Michael B. Collins; James E. Wiederhold

doi:10.1126/science.1201855

The buttermilk creek complex and the origins of clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas

Michael R. Waters, Steven L. Forman, Thomas A. Jennings, Lee C. Nordt, Steven G. Driese, Joshua M. Feinberg, Joshua L. Keene, Jessi Halligan, Anna Lindquist, James Pierson, Charles T. Hallmark, Michael B. Collins, James E. Wiederhold

Earth and Environmental Sciences-Twin Cities

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204 Scopus citations

Abstract

Compelling archaeological evidence of an occupation older than Clovis (~12.8 to 13.1 thousand years ago) in North America is present at only a few sites, and the stone tool assemblages from these sites are small and varied. The Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas, contains an assemblage of 15,528 artifacts that define the Buttermilk Creek Complex, which stratigraphically underlies a Clovis assemblage and dates between ∼13.2 and 15.5 thousand years ago. The Buttermilk Creek Complex confirms the emerging view that people occupied the Americas before Clovis and provides a large artifact assemblage to explore Clovis origins.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1599-1603
Number of pages	5
Journal	Science
Volume	331
Issue number	6024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201855
State	Published - Mar 25 2011

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Waters, M. R., Forman, S. L., Jennings, T. A., Nordt, L. C., Driese, S. G., Feinberg, J. M., Keene, J. L., Halligan, J., Lindquist, A., Pierson, J., Hallmark, C. T., Collins, M. B., & Wiederhold, J. E. (2011). The buttermilk creek complex and the origins of clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas. Science, 331(6024), 1599-1603. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201855

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AU - Forman, Steven L.

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AU - Nordt, Lee C.

AU - Driese, Steven G.

AU - Feinberg, Joshua M.

AU - Keene, Joshua L.

AU - Halligan, Jessi

AU - Lindquist, Anna

AU - Pierson, James

AU - Hallmark, Charles T.

AU - Collins, Michael B.

AU - Wiederhold, James E.

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AB - Compelling archaeological evidence of an occupation older than Clovis (~12.8 to 13.1 thousand years ago) in North America is present at only a few sites, and the stone tool assemblages from these sites are small and varied. The Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas, contains an assemblage of 15,528 artifacts that define the Buttermilk Creek Complex, which stratigraphically underlies a Clovis assemblage and dates between ∼13.2 and 15.5 thousand years ago. The Buttermilk Creek Complex confirms the emerging view that people occupied the Americas before Clovis and provides a large artifact assemblage to explore Clovis origins.

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The buttermilk creek complex and the origins of clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas

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