The beneficial root endophyte Piriformospora indica reduces egg density of the soybean cyst nematode

The soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines) is a plant parasitic nematode that is a major plant pest worldwide and causes severe economic and yield losses. Piriformospora indica, a plant growth promoting fungus isolated from the Thar Deserts of western India, has been shown to protect a wide range of plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. To evaluate the potential of P. indica to protect soybean ( Glycine max) seedlings from damage by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), we amended soil with two different concentrations of P. indica (2.5% and 5% w/w) and inoculated with second-stage juveniles (J2s) of SCN in each treatment. After 60. days, abundance of nematode eggs was measured by calculating SCN egg population densities. We found that egg density/100. cc soil was significantly decreased by 29.7% and 36.7% respectively in the soil amended with 2.5% and 5% P. indica compared to a control. Amendment with P. indica also had a strong growth and yield promoting effect in Soybean. Although root biomass was significantly decreased by 27.9% and 33.5% in the two treatments compared to the control, shoot biomass (dry weight) increased by 30.8% and 8.2% in the 2.5% and 5% P. indica treatments compared to the control. Additionally, plant development was accelerated and a 75% increase in flowering was observed between the 2.5% P. indica treatment and the control. We conclude that P. indica used as a soil amendment decreases abundance of the SCN in soil and has plant-growth promoting properties that may help offset yield losses due to plant parasitic nematodes.