The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics

Liying Luo; James S. Hodges

doi:10.1177/0049124119882451

The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics

Liying Luo, James S. Hodges

Biostatistics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period − age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how the cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder’s theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women’s labor force participation.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1164-1210
Number of pages	47
Journal	Sociological Methods and Research
Volume	51
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119882451
State	Published - Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Authors are grateful to Caren Arbeit, Julia Drew, Catherine Fitch, Zhi Li, Carolyn Liebler, Ian Ross Macmillan, Susan Mason, Robert M. O’Brien, Rob Warren, and the anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota.

Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020.

Keywords

age-period-cohort model
cohort effect
identification problem
interaction
life course

Publisher link

10.1177/0049124119882451

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Cite this

@article{f038ab7b3c3a477ebe540cd219048f31,

title = "The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics",

abstract = "Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period − age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how the cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder{\textquoteright}s theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women{\textquoteright}s labor force participation.",

keywords = "age-period-cohort model, cohort effect, identification problem, interaction, life course",

author = "Liying Luo and Hodges, {James S.}",

note = "Funding Information: Authors are grateful to Caren Arbeit, Julia Drew, Catherine Fitch, Zhi Li, Carolyn Liebler, Ian Ross Macmillan, Susan Mason, Robert M. O{\textquoteright}Brien, Rob Warren, and the anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020.",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1177/0049124119882451",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "51",

pages = "1164--1210",

journal = "Sociological Methods and Research",

issn = "0049-1241",

publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics

AU - Luo, Liying

AU - Hodges, James S.

N1 - Funding Information: Authors are grateful to Caren Arbeit, Julia Drew, Catherine Fitch, Zhi Li, Carolyn Liebler, Ian Ross Macmillan, Susan Mason, Robert M. O’Brien, Rob Warren, and the anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project has benefited from the support of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University and the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2020.

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period − age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how the cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder’s theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women’s labor force participation.

AB - Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period − age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how the cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder’s theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women’s labor force participation.

KW - age-period-cohort model

KW - cohort effect

KW - identification problem

KW - interaction

KW - life course

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078079469&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85078079469&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1177/0049124119882451

DO - 10.1177/0049124119882451

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85078079469

SN - 0049-1241

VL - 51

SP - 1164

EP - 1210

JO - Sociological Methods and Research

JF - Sociological Methods and Research

IS - 3

ER -

The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this