Temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of CPAS and tissues relevant to cryobiology

The objective of this study is to create a comprehensive living database of thermophysical properties for the benefits of the cryobiology community, in the range of -150°C to 0°C (https://www.atp-bio.org/)). Thermophysical properties are essential for accurately modeling the behavior of cryoprotective agent (CPA) cocktails and tissues, ultimately improving the design and outcomes of cryopreservation protocols and cryotherapy procedures. The focus of this study is compiling temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, density and thermal expansion coefficients for various materials, while future efforts will target incorporating specific heat and elastic material properties to this database. The property of thermal conductivity is related to the ability of a material to transfer heat across the domain. Density and thermal expansion also affect the material response to changes in temperature in various ways. In fluids, density differences can drive fluid flow, while in solids, expansion and contraction can lead to mechanical deformation. This study further reviews common measurement techniques, ranging from molecular-scale to cellular-level and macro-scale. In turn, this can inform the user on the appropriate measurement method for a specified sample type, application, and temperature range.