TY - JOUR
T1 - 19F
T2 - A versatile reporter for non-invasive physiology and pharmacology using magnetic resonance
AU - Yu, Jian Xin
AU - Kodibagkar, Vikram D.
AU - Cui, Weina
AU - Mason, Ralph P.
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - The fluorine atom provides an exciting tool for diverse spectroscopic and imaging applications using Magnetic Resonance. The organic chemistry of fluorine is widely established and it can provide a stable moiety for interrogating many aspects of physiology and pharmacology in vivo. Strong NMR signal, minimal background signal and exquisite sensitivity to changes in the microenvironment have been exploited to design and apply diverse reporter molecules. Classes of agents are presented to investigate gene activity, pH, metal ion concentrations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), oxygen tension, hypoxia, vascular flow and vascular volume. In addition to interrogating speciality reporter molecules, 19F NMR may be used to trace the fate of fluorinated drugs, such as chemotherapeutics (e.g., 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine), anesthetics (e.g., isoflurane, methoxyflurane) and neuroleptics. NMR can provide useful information through multiple parameters, including chemical shift, scalar coupling, chemical exchange and relaxation processes (R1 and R2). Indeed, the large chemical shift range (∼ 300 ppm) can allow multiple agents to be examined, simultaneously, using NMR spectroscopy or chemical shift selective imaging.
AB - The fluorine atom provides an exciting tool for diverse spectroscopic and imaging applications using Magnetic Resonance. The organic chemistry of fluorine is widely established and it can provide a stable moiety for interrogating many aspects of physiology and pharmacology in vivo. Strong NMR signal, minimal background signal and exquisite sensitivity to changes in the microenvironment have been exploited to design and apply diverse reporter molecules. Classes of agents are presented to investigate gene activity, pH, metal ion concentrations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), oxygen tension, hypoxia, vascular flow and vascular volume. In addition to interrogating speciality reporter molecules, 19F NMR may be used to trace the fate of fluorinated drugs, such as chemotherapeutics (e.g., 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine), anesthetics (e.g., isoflurane, methoxyflurane) and neuroleptics. NMR can provide useful information through multiple parameters, including chemical shift, scalar coupling, chemical exchange and relaxation processes (R1 and R2). Indeed, the large chemical shift range (∼ 300 ppm) can allow multiple agents to be examined, simultaneously, using NMR spectroscopy or chemical shift selective imaging.
KW - 5FU
KW - Anesthetics
KW - FDG
KW - Gene reporter
KW - Metal ions
KW - Oxygen
KW - pH
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=15444374661&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/0929867053507342
DO - 10.2174/0929867053507342
M3 - Review article
C2 - 15853714
AN - SCOPUS:15444374661
SN - 0929-8673
VL - 12
SP - 819
EP - 848
JO - Current medicinal chemistry
JF - Current medicinal chemistry
IS - 7
ER -