Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis

Nicola M. McKeown; Hassan S. Dashti; Jiantao Ma; Danielle E. Haslam; Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong; Caren E. Smith; Toshiko Tanaka; Mariaelisa Graff; Rozenn N. Lemaitre; Denis Rybin; Emily Sonestedt; Alexis C. Frazier-Wood; Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori; Yanping Li; Carol A. Wang; Elisabeth T.M. Leermakers; Vera Mikkilä; Kristin L. Young; Kenneth J. Mukamal; L. Adrienne Cupples; Christina Alexandra Schulz; Tzu An Chen; Ruifang Li-Gao; Tao Huang; Wendy H. Oddy; Olli Raitakari; Kenneth Rice; James B. Meigs; Ulrika Ericson; Lyn M. Steffen; Frits R. Rosendaal; Albert Hofman; Mika Kähönen; Bruce M. Psaty; Louise Brunkwall; Andre G. Uitterlinden; Jorma Viikari; David S. Siscovick; Ilkka Seppälä; Kari E. North; Dariush Mozaffarian; Josée Dupuis; Marju Orho-Melander; Stephen S. Rich; Renée de Mutsert; Lu Qi; Craig E. Pennell; Oscar H. Franco; Terho Lehtimäki; Mark A. Herman

doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis

Nicola M. McKeown, Hassan S. Dashti, Jiantao Ma, Danielle E. Haslam, Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong, Caren E. Smith, Toshiko Tanaka, Mariaelisa Graff, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Denis Rybin, Emily Sonestedt, Alexis C. Frazier-Wood, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Yanping Li, Carol A. Wang, Elisabeth T.M. Leermakers, Vera Mikkilä, Kristin L. Young, Kenneth J. Mukamal, L. Adrienne CupplesChristina Alexandra Schulz, Tzu An Chen, Ruifang Li-Gao, Tao Huang, Wendy H. Oddy, Olli Raitakari, Kenneth Rice, James B. Meigs, Ulrika Ericson, Lyn M. Steffen, Frits R. Rosendaal, Albert Hofman, Mika Kähönen, Bruce M. Psaty, Louise Brunkwall, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Jorma Viikari, David S. Siscovick, Ilkka Seppälä, Kari E. North, Dariush Mozaffarian, Josée Dupuis, Marju Orho-Melander, Stephen S. Rich, Renée de Mutsert, Lu Qi, Craig E. Pennell, Oscar H. Franco, Terho Lehtimäki, Mark A. Herman

Epidemiology & Community Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway. Results: In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10⁻³) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [log_e pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 log_e pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant. Conclusions/interpretation: In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis. Trial registration: Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Offspring Study), NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and NCT00005152 (Nurses’ Health Study).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	317-330
Number of pages	14
Journal	Diabetologia
Volume	61
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0
State	Published - Feb 1 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015.

Funding Information:
Funding NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845.

Funding Information:
Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015. NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845. JBM is supported by K24DK080140 and U01DK078616. KLY is supported by KL2TR001109.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Keywords

Carbohydrate metabolism
Epidemiology
Genetics
Meta-analysis
Nutrition
Type 2 diabetes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826559

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McKeown, N. M., Dashti, H. S., Ma, J., Haslam, D. E., Kiefte-de Jong, J. C., Smith, C. E., Tanaka, T., Graff, M., Lemaitre, R. N., Rybin, D., Sonestedt, E., Frazier-Wood, A. C., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., Li, Y., Wang, C. A., Leermakers, E. T. M., Mikkilä, V., Young, K. L., Mukamal, K. J., ... Herman, M. A. (2018). Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 61(2), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

McKeown, NM, Dashti, HS, Ma, J, Haslam, DE, Kiefte-de Jong, JC, Smith, CE, Tanaka, T, Graff, M, Lemaitre, RN, Rybin, D, Sonestedt, E, Frazier-Wood, AC, Mook-Kanamori, DO, Li, Y, Wang, CA, Leermakers, ETM, Mikkilä, V, Young, KL, Mukamal, KJ, Cupples, LA, Schulz, CA, Chen, TA, Li-Gao, R, Huang, T, Oddy, WH, Raitakari, O, Rice, K, Meigs, JB, Ericson, U, Steffen, LM, Rosendaal, FR, Hofman, A, Kähönen, M, Psaty, BM, Brunkwall, L, Uitterlinden, AG, Viikari, J, Siscovick, DS, Seppälä, I, North, KE, Mozaffarian, D, Dupuis, J, Orho-Melander, M, Rich, SS, de Mutsert, R, Qi, L, Pennell, CE, Franco, OH, Lehtimäki, T & Herman, MA 2018, 'Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis', Diabetologia, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

@article{c5400d037dae4769a7a44795c8f0a011,

title = "Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis",

abstract = "Aims/hypothesis: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway. Results: In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10−3) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [loge pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10−10). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 loge pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant. Conclusions/interpretation: In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis. Trial registration: Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Offspring Study), NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and NCT00005152 (Nurses{\textquoteright} Health Study).",

keywords = "Carbohydrate metabolism, Epidemiology, Genetics, Meta-analysis, Nutrition, Type 2 diabetes",

author = "McKeown, {Nicola M.} and Dashti, {Hassan S.} and Jiantao Ma and Haslam, {Danielle E.} and {Kiefte-de Jong}, {Jessica C.} and Smith, {Caren E.} and Toshiko Tanaka and Mariaelisa Graff and Lemaitre, {Rozenn N.} and Denis Rybin and Emily Sonestedt and Frazier-Wood, {Alexis C.} and Mook-Kanamori, {Dennis O.} and Yanping Li and Wang, {Carol A.} and Leermakers, {Elisabeth T.M.} and Vera Mikkil{\"a} and Young, {Kristin L.} and Mukamal, {Kenneth J.} and Cupples, {L. Adrienne} and Schulz, {Christina Alexandra} and Chen, {Tzu An} and Ruifang Li-Gao and Tao Huang and Oddy, {Wendy H.} and Olli Raitakari and Kenneth Rice and Meigs, {James B.} and Ulrika Ericson and Steffen, {Lyn M.} and Rosendaal, {Frits R.} and Albert Hofman and Mika K{\"a}h{\"o}nen and Psaty, {Bruce M.} and Louise Brunkwall and Uitterlinden, {Andre G.} and Jorma Viikari and Siscovick, {David S.} and Ilkka Sepp{\"a}l{\"a} and North, {Kari E.} and Dariush Mozaffarian and Jos{\'e}e Dupuis and Marju Orho-Melander and Rich, {Stephen S.} and {de Mutsert}, Ren{\'e}e and Lu Qi and Pennell, {Craig E.} and Franco, {Oscar H.} and Terho Lehtim{\"a}ki and Herman, {Mark A.}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015. Funding Information: Funding NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845. Funding Information: Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015. NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845. JBM is supported by K24DK080140 and U01DK078616. KLY is supported by KL2TR001109. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.",

year = "2018",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "61",

pages = "317--330",

journal = "Diabetologia",

issn = "0012-186X",

publisher = "Springer Verlag",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway

T2 - a meta-analysis

AU - McKeown, Nicola M.

AU - Dashti, Hassan S.

AU - Ma, Jiantao

AU - Haslam, Danielle E.

AU - Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C.

AU - Smith, Caren E.

AU - Tanaka, Toshiko

AU - Graff, Mariaelisa

AU - Lemaitre, Rozenn N.

AU - Rybin, Denis

AU - Sonestedt, Emily

AU - Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.

AU - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.

AU - Li, Yanping

AU - Wang, Carol A.

AU - Leermakers, Elisabeth T.M.

AU - Mikkilä, Vera

AU - Young, Kristin L.

AU - Mukamal, Kenneth J.

AU - Cupples, L. Adrienne

AU - Schulz, Christina Alexandra

AU - Chen, Tzu An

AU - Li-Gao, Ruifang

AU - Huang, Tao

AU - Oddy, Wendy H.

AU - Raitakari, Olli

AU - Rice, Kenneth

AU - Meigs, James B.

AU - Ericson, Ulrika

AU - Steffen, Lyn M.

AU - Rosendaal, Frits R.

AU - Hofman, Albert

AU - Kähönen, Mika

AU - Psaty, Bruce M.

AU - Brunkwall, Louise

AU - Uitterlinden, Andre G.

AU - Viikari, Jorma

AU - Siscovick, David S.

AU - Seppälä, Ilkka

AU - North, Kari E.

AU - Mozaffarian, Dariush

AU - Dupuis, Josée

AU - Orho-Melander, Marju

AU - Rich, Stephen S.

AU - de Mutsert, Renée

AU - Qi, Lu

AU - Pennell, Craig E.

AU - Franco, Oscar H.

AU - Lehtimäki, Terho

AU - Herman, Mark A.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015. Funding Information: Funding NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845. Funding Information: Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL105756. Cohort-specific sources of support and acknowledgements are presented in ESM Table 1. We thank J. C. Florez (Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for his help in the genesis of this project. Preliminary results were presented as an abstract at the ADA 75th Scientific Sessions in 2015. NMM received funding from the Boston Area Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center Feasibility Program (P30 DK057521) to support part of this research, and she was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. MAH is supported by R01 DK100425. CES is supported by K08 HL112845. JBM is supported by K24DK080140 and U01DK078616. KLY is supported by KL2TR001109. Publisher Copyright: © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

PY - 2018/2/1

Y1 - 2018/2/1

N2 - Aims/hypothesis: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway. Results: In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10−3) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [loge pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10−10). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 loge pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant. Conclusions/interpretation: In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis. Trial registration: Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Offspring Study), NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and NCT00005152 (Nurses’ Health Study).

AB - Aims/hypothesis: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway. Results: In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10−3) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [loge pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10−10). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 loge pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant. Conclusions/interpretation: In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis. Trial registration: Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Offspring Study), NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and NCT00005152 (Nurses’ Health Study).

KW - Carbohydrate metabolism

KW - Epidemiology

KW - Genetics

KW - Meta-analysis

KW - Nutrition

KW - Type 2 diabetes

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85032963825&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

DO - 10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0

M3 - Article

C2 - 29098321

AN - SCOPUS:85032963825

SN - 0012-186X

VL - 61

SP - 317

EP - 330

JO - Diabetologia

JF - Diabetologia

IS - 2

ER -

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis

Abstract

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Keywords

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