Studies of the Reduction of Pipe Friction with the Non-Newtonian Additive CMC

This study extends existing data to better clarify the manner in which the addition of a small quantity of long-chain polymer chemical additive to water can remarkably reduce the frictional resistance to flow. The material sodium carboxymethylcellulose was added to fresh water and subjected to pipe friction tests under a wide range of shear rates, additive concentration, and temperature conditions. The frictional data are characterized by application of the power law expression for non-Newtonian fluids.