Stable isotope evidence for the biogeochemical transformation of ancient organic matter beneath Suess Glacier, Antarctica

Glaciers overrun organic matter (OM) during periods of advance, making this overrun OM available as a metabolic substrate for subglacial microbes. The biogeochemical fate of this overrun OM remains poorly understood, ultimately limiting our understanding of subglacial biogeochemical cycling, particularly for cold-based glaciers. This study presents evidence for the biogeochemical transformation of algal mat material that was overrun by a cold-based glacier (Suess Glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica) during its advance 4840–3570 years BP. We use a suite of stable isotope analyses to show that active nitrogen cycling has depleted N-isotope values to amongst the lowest reported in Taylor Valley (-15.59 ‰) from an initial value of ~-1.88 ‰, while potentially depleting C-isotope values by 2.46 ‰. While this study examines biogeochemical conditions beneath a single glacier, all glaciers export meltwater during the melt season that may host algae and other OM in proglacial streams and lakes that may be overridden during glacier advance. As such, subglacial nitrogen cycling detected here may represent processes that occur in cold zones beneath glaciers generally.