Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films

Wilson Yanez; Yongxi Ou; Run Xiao; Jahyun Koo; Jacob T Held; Supriya Ghosh; Jeffrey Rable; Timothy Pillsbury; Enrique González Delgado; Kezhou Yang; Juan Chamorro; Alexander J. Grutter; Patrick Quarterman; Anthony Richardella; Abhronil Sengupta; Tyrel McQueen; Julie A. Borchers; K. Andre Mkhoyan; Binghai Yan; Nitin Samarth

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.054031

Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films

Wilson Yanez, Yongxi Ou, Run Xiao, Jahyun Koo, Jacob T Held, Supriya Ghosh, Jeffrey Rable, Timothy Pillsbury, Enrique González Delgado, Kezhou Yang, Juan Chamorro, Alexander J. Grutter, Patrick Quarterman, Anthony Richardella, Abhronil Sengupta, Tyrel McQueen, Julie A. Borchers, K. Andre Mkhoyan, Binghai Yan, Nitin Samarth

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Abstract

We use spin torque ferromagnetic resonance and ferromagnetic-resonance-driven spin pumping to detect spin-charge interconversion at room temperature in heterostructure devices that interface an archetypal Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2, with a metallic ferromagnet, Ni0.80Fe0.20 (permalloy). Angle-resolved photoemission directly reveals the Dirac-semimetal nature of the samples prior to device fabrication and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the crystalline structure and the relevant heterointerfaces. We find that the spin-charge interconversion efficiency in Cd3As2/permalloy heterostructures is comparable to that in heavy metals and that it is enhanced by the presence of an interfacial oxide. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal an in-plane spin polarization regardless of an oxidized or pristine interface. We discuss the underlying mechanisms for spin-charge interconversion by comparing our results with first principles calculations and conclude that extrinsic mechanisms dominate the observed phenomena. Our results indicate a need for caution in interpretations of spin-transport and spin-charge conversion experiments in Cd3As2 devices that seek to invoke the role of topological Dirac and Fermi arc states.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	054031
Journal	Physical Review Applied
Volume	16
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.054031
State	Published - Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The principal support for this project was provided by SMART, one of seven centers of nCORE, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This supported the synthesis and standard characterization of heterostructures as well as spin-charge interconversion measurements (WY, YO, NS) and their characterization using STEM (JH, SG, AM). Additional support for materials synthesis was provided by the Institute for Quantum Matter under DOE EFRC grant DE-SC0019331 (RX, JC, NS, TM). The Penn State Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium-Materials Innovation Platform (2DCC-MIP) under NSF Grant No. DMR-1539916 provided support for ARPES measurements (YO, TP, AR, NS). The magnetometry measurements were carried out by JR, supported by a grant from the University of Chicago. Part of this work was carried out in the College of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, which has received capital equipment funding from the National Science Foundation through the UMN MRSEC under Award Number DMR-2011401 (JH, SG, AM). EG acknowledges support for an undergraduate summer internship from the Office of Graduate Educational Equity Programs and Eberly College of Science at the Pennsylvania State University. B.Y. acknowledges the financial support by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815869). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, etc.) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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© 2021 American Physical Society.

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Yanez, W., Ou, Y., Xiao, R., Koo, J., Held, J. T., Ghosh, S., Rable, J., Pillsbury, T., Delgado, E. G., Yang, K., Chamorro, J., Grutter, A. J., Quarterman, P., Richardella, A., Sengupta, A., McQueen, T., Borchers, J. A., Mkhoyan, K. A., Yan, B., & Samarth, N. (2021). Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films. Physical Review Applied, 16(5), Article 054031. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.054031

Yanez, W, Ou, Y, Xiao, R, Koo, J, Held, JT, Ghosh, S, Rable, J, Pillsbury, T, Delgado, EG, Yang, K, Chamorro, J, Grutter, AJ, Quarterman, P, Richardella, A, Sengupta, A, McQueen, T, Borchers, JA, Mkhoyan, KA, Yan, B & Samarth, N 2021, 'Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films', Physical Review Applied, vol. 16, no. 5, 054031. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.054031

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title = "Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films",

abstract = "We use spin torque ferromagnetic resonance and ferromagnetic-resonance-driven spin pumping to detect spin-charge interconversion at room temperature in heterostructure devices that interface an archetypal Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2, with a metallic ferromagnet, Ni0.80Fe0.20 (permalloy). Angle-resolved photoemission directly reveals the Dirac-semimetal nature of the samples prior to device fabrication and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the crystalline structure and the relevant heterointerfaces. We find that the spin-charge interconversion efficiency in Cd3As2/permalloy heterostructures is comparable to that in heavy metals and that it is enhanced by the presence of an interfacial oxide. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal an in-plane spin polarization regardless of an oxidized or pristine interface. We discuss the underlying mechanisms for spin-charge interconversion by comparing our results with first principles calculations and conclude that extrinsic mechanisms dominate the observed phenomena. Our results indicate a need for caution in interpretations of spin-transport and spin-charge conversion experiments in Cd3As2 devices that seek to invoke the role of topological Dirac and Fermi arc states.",

author = "Wilson Yanez and Yongxi Ou and Run Xiao and Jahyun Koo and Held, \{Jacob T\} and Supriya Ghosh and Jeffrey Rable and Timothy Pillsbury and Delgado, \{Enrique Gonz{\'a}lez\} and Kezhou Yang and Juan Chamorro and Grutter, \{Alexander J.\} and Patrick Quarterman and Anthony Richardella and Abhronil Sengupta and Tyrel McQueen and Borchers, \{Julie A.\} and Mkhoyan, \{K. Andre\} and Binghai Yan and Nitin Samarth",

note = "Funding Information: The principal support for this project was provided by SMART, one of seven centers of nCORE, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This supported the synthesis and standard characterization of heterostructures as well as spin-charge interconversion measurements (WY, YO, NS) and their characterization using STEM (JH, SG, AM). Additional support for materials synthesis was provided by the Institute for Quantum Matter under DOE EFRC grant DE-SC0019331 (RX, JC, NS, TM). The Penn State Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium-Materials Innovation Platform (2DCC-MIP) under NSF Grant No. DMR-1539916 provided support for ARPES measurements (YO, TP, AR, NS). The magnetometry measurements were carried out by JR, supported by a grant from the University of Chicago. Part of this work was carried out in the College of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, which has received capital equipment funding from the National Science Foundation through the UMN MRSEC under Award Number DMR-2011401 (JH, SG, AM). EG acknowledges support for an undergraduate summer internship from the Office of Graduate Educational Equity Programs and Eberly College of Science at the Pennsylvania State University. B.Y. acknowledges the financial support by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815869). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, etc.) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Physical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.054031",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "16",

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AU - Yanez, Wilson

AU - Ou, Yongxi

AU - Xiao, Run

AU - Koo, Jahyun

AU - Held, Jacob T

AU - Ghosh, Supriya

AU - Rable, Jeffrey

AU - Pillsbury, Timothy

AU - Delgado, Enrique González

AU - Yang, Kezhou

AU - Chamorro, Juan

AU - Grutter, Alexander J.

AU - Quarterman, Patrick

AU - Richardella, Anthony

AU - Sengupta, Abhronil

AU - McQueen, Tyrel

AU - Borchers, Julie A.

AU - Mkhoyan, K. Andre

AU - Yan, Binghai

AU - Samarth, Nitin

N1 - Funding Information: The principal support for this project was provided by SMART, one of seven centers of nCORE, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This supported the synthesis and standard characterization of heterostructures as well as spin-charge interconversion measurements (WY, YO, NS) and their characterization using STEM (JH, SG, AM). Additional support for materials synthesis was provided by the Institute for Quantum Matter under DOE EFRC grant DE-SC0019331 (RX, JC, NS, TM). The Penn State Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium-Materials Innovation Platform (2DCC-MIP) under NSF Grant No. DMR-1539916 provided support for ARPES measurements (YO, TP, AR, NS). The magnetometry measurements were carried out by JR, supported by a grant from the University of Chicago. Part of this work was carried out in the College of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, which has received capital equipment funding from the National Science Foundation through the UMN MRSEC under Award Number DMR-2011401 (JH, SG, AM). EG acknowledges support for an undergraduate summer internship from the Office of Graduate Educational Equity Programs and Eberly College of Science at the Pennsylvania State University. B.Y. acknowledges the financial support by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815869). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, etc.) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 American Physical Society.

PY - 2021/11

Y1 - 2021/11

N2 - We use spin torque ferromagnetic resonance and ferromagnetic-resonance-driven spin pumping to detect spin-charge interconversion at room temperature in heterostructure devices that interface an archetypal Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2, with a metallic ferromagnet, Ni0.80Fe0.20 (permalloy). Angle-resolved photoemission directly reveals the Dirac-semimetal nature of the samples prior to device fabrication and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the crystalline structure and the relevant heterointerfaces. We find that the spin-charge interconversion efficiency in Cd3As2/permalloy heterostructures is comparable to that in heavy metals and that it is enhanced by the presence of an interfacial oxide. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal an in-plane spin polarization regardless of an oxidized or pristine interface. We discuss the underlying mechanisms for spin-charge interconversion by comparing our results with first principles calculations and conclude that extrinsic mechanisms dominate the observed phenomena. Our results indicate a need for caution in interpretations of spin-transport and spin-charge conversion experiments in Cd3As2 devices that seek to invoke the role of topological Dirac and Fermi arc states.

AB - We use spin torque ferromagnetic resonance and ferromagnetic-resonance-driven spin pumping to detect spin-charge interconversion at room temperature in heterostructure devices that interface an archetypal Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2, with a metallic ferromagnet, Ni0.80Fe0.20 (permalloy). Angle-resolved photoemission directly reveals the Dirac-semimetal nature of the samples prior to device fabrication and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the crystalline structure and the relevant heterointerfaces. We find that the spin-charge interconversion efficiency in Cd3As2/permalloy heterostructures is comparable to that in heavy metals and that it is enhanced by the presence of an interfacial oxide. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal an in-plane spin polarization regardless of an oxidized or pristine interface. We discuss the underlying mechanisms for spin-charge interconversion by comparing our results with first principles calculations and conclude that extrinsic mechanisms dominate the observed phenomena. Our results indicate a need for caution in interpretations of spin-transport and spin-charge conversion experiments in Cd3As2 devices that seek to invoke the role of topological Dirac and Fermi arc states.

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Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films

Abstract

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IRG-1: Ionic Control of Materials

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Spin and Charge Interconversion in Dirac-Semimetal Thin Films

Abstract

Bibliographical note

MRSEC Support

Publisher link

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Projects

IRG-1: Ionic Control of Materials

University of Minnesota Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-2011401)

Cite this