Spacesuits and extravehicular activity

Spacesuits are essential for both intravehicular and extravehicular human spaceflight, serving as the smallest self-contained spacecraft that can support human exploration. Beyond providing protection and mobility, they provide life-support control by regulating oxygen, temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide removal. This chapter examines the design and function of spacesuits with a focus on the pressure garment and life support systems. Next, a historical overview highlights technological advancements from the beginning of the Mercury missions to the present. The history of spacesuits is followed by a discussion of physiological challenges, such as decompression sickness and suit-related injuries, which provide insight into astronaut safety and performance. Finally, emerging innovations in spacesuit technology for future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond are explored.