Soil aggregate and particulate C and N under corn rotations: responses to management and correlations with yield

Anna M. Cates; Matthew D. Ruark

doi:10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9

Soil aggregate and particulate C and N under corn rotations: responses to management and correlations with yield

Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark

Soil, Water, and Climate

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Soil aggregate and particulate organic matter (POM) C and N provide valuable insight into C cycling and storage, and are sensitive to management, but effect of these pools on corn yield is unknown. Methods: Corn yield, N uptake, and aggregate and POM C and N at 0–5, 5–25 and 25–50 cm were measured and correlated in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), strip-till corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and organically managed corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with green manure (CSW). Results: The POM differed only at 0–5 cm, where greater POM mass was found in CS than CC and CSW. Lower POM-C and POM-N was found in CSW than CC and CS. Overall, CSW had fewer macroaggregates (>250 μm) and associated C and N than CC and CS, but free silt and clay (<53 μm) and microaggregates (53–250 μm) were enriched in C and N in CSW. Yield and macroaggregate-occluded C and N were negatively correlated. Yield and 5–25 cm free silt and clay C were positively correlated. Conclusions: While organic matter in aggregate-occluded fractions is beneficial for soil C storage, it was correlated with lower grain yields, highlighting a potential tradeoff between yield and long-term C sequestration.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	521-533
Number of pages	13
Journal	Plant and Soil
Volume	415
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9
State	Published - Jun 1 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Thanks to D.S. Duncan, A. von Haden, R.D. Jacskon, and K. Nicolakakis for helpful comments on the manuscript, to Dr. Lawrence G. Oates for C and N analysis, and to Dr. Gregg R. Sanford, Janet Hedtcke and the late Dr. J.L. Posner for maintaining the WICST trial and associated data. Generous internal support for the WICST trial was provided by the University of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station. Funding was provided by USDA-NIFA Hatch Project 229696, the Wisconsin Fertilizer Research Council and USDA-NIFA-AFRI-004715.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Keywords

Carbon storage
Cropping systems
Soil organic matter dynamics

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10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9

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title = "Soil aggregate and particulate C and N under corn rotations: responses to management and correlations with yield",

abstract = "Background: Soil aggregate and particulate organic matter (POM) C and N provide valuable insight into C cycling and storage, and are sensitive to management, but effect of these pools on corn yield is unknown. Methods: Corn yield, N uptake, and aggregate and POM C and N at 0–5, 5–25 and 25–50 cm were measured and correlated in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), strip-till corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and organically managed corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with green manure (CSW). Results: The POM differed only at 0–5 cm, where greater POM mass was found in CS than CC and CSW. Lower POM-C and POM-N was found in CSW than CC and CS. Overall, CSW had fewer macroaggregates (>250 μm) and associated C and N than CC and CS, but free silt and clay (<53 μm) and microaggregates (53–250 μm) were enriched in C and N in CSW. Yield and macroaggregate-occluded C and N were negatively correlated. Yield and 5–25 cm free silt and clay C were positively correlated. Conclusions: While organic matter in aggregate-occluded fractions is beneficial for soil C storage, it was correlated with lower grain yields, highlighting a potential tradeoff between yield and long-term C sequestration.",

keywords = "Carbon storage, Cropping systems, Soil organic matter dynamics",

author = "Cates, {Anna M.} and Ruark, {Matthew D.}",

note = "Funding Information: Thanks to D.S. Duncan, A. von Haden, R.D. Jacskon, and K. Nicolakakis for helpful comments on the manuscript, to Dr. Lawrence G. Oates for C and N analysis, and to Dr. Gregg R. Sanford, Janet Hedtcke and the late Dr. J.L. Posner for maintaining the WICST trial and associated data. Generous internal support for the WICST trial was provided by the University of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station. Funding was provided by USDA-NIFA Hatch Project 229696, the Wisconsin Fertilizer Research Council and USDA-NIFA-AFRI-004715. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "415",

pages = "521--533",

journal = "Plant and Soil",

issn = "0032-079X",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Soil aggregate and particulate C and N under corn rotations

T2 - responses to management and correlations with yield

AU - Cates, Anna M.

AU - Ruark, Matthew D.

N1 - Funding Information: Thanks to D.S. Duncan, A. von Haden, R.D. Jacskon, and K. Nicolakakis for helpful comments on the manuscript, to Dr. Lawrence G. Oates for C and N analysis, and to Dr. Gregg R. Sanford, Janet Hedtcke and the late Dr. J.L. Posner for maintaining the WICST trial and associated data. Generous internal support for the WICST trial was provided by the University of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station. Funding was provided by USDA-NIFA Hatch Project 229696, the Wisconsin Fertilizer Research Council and USDA-NIFA-AFRI-004715. Publisher Copyright: © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

PY - 2017/6/1

Y1 - 2017/6/1

N2 - Background: Soil aggregate and particulate organic matter (POM) C and N provide valuable insight into C cycling and storage, and are sensitive to management, but effect of these pools on corn yield is unknown. Methods: Corn yield, N uptake, and aggregate and POM C and N at 0–5, 5–25 and 25–50 cm were measured and correlated in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), strip-till corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and organically managed corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with green manure (CSW). Results: The POM differed only at 0–5 cm, where greater POM mass was found in CS than CC and CSW. Lower POM-C and POM-N was found in CSW than CC and CS. Overall, CSW had fewer macroaggregates (>250 μm) and associated C and N than CC and CS, but free silt and clay (<53 μm) and microaggregates (53–250 μm) were enriched in C and N in CSW. Yield and macroaggregate-occluded C and N were negatively correlated. Yield and 5–25 cm free silt and clay C were positively correlated. Conclusions: While organic matter in aggregate-occluded fractions is beneficial for soil C storage, it was correlated with lower grain yields, highlighting a potential tradeoff between yield and long-term C sequestration.

AB - Background: Soil aggregate and particulate organic matter (POM) C and N provide valuable insight into C cycling and storage, and are sensitive to management, but effect of these pools on corn yield is unknown. Methods: Corn yield, N uptake, and aggregate and POM C and N at 0–5, 5–25 and 25–50 cm were measured and correlated in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), strip-till corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and organically managed corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with green manure (CSW). Results: The POM differed only at 0–5 cm, where greater POM mass was found in CS than CC and CSW. Lower POM-C and POM-N was found in CSW than CC and CS. Overall, CSW had fewer macroaggregates (>250 μm) and associated C and N than CC and CS, but free silt and clay (<53 μm) and microaggregates (53–250 μm) were enriched in C and N in CSW. Yield and macroaggregate-occluded C and N were negatively correlated. Yield and 5–25 cm free silt and clay C were positively correlated. Conclusions: While organic matter in aggregate-occluded fractions is beneficial for soil C storage, it was correlated with lower grain yields, highlighting a potential tradeoff between yield and long-term C sequestration.

KW - Carbon storage

KW - Cropping systems

KW - Soil organic matter dynamics

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U2 - 10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9

DO - 10.1007/s11104-016-3121-9

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85010991470

VL - 415

SP - 521

EP - 533

JO - Plant and Soil

JF - Plant and Soil

SN - 0032-079X

IS - 1-2

ER -

Soil aggregate and particulate C and N under corn rotations: responses to management and correlations with yield

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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