Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators

Shanchuan Liang; Ti Xie; Nicholas A. Blumenschein; Tong Zhou; Thomas Ersevim; Zhihao Song; Jierui Liang; Michael A. Susner; Benjamin S. Conner; Shi Jing Gong; Jian Ping Wang; Min Ouyang; Igor Žutić; Adam L. Friedman; Xiang Zhang; Cheng Gong

doi:10.1038/s41928-023-00931-1

Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators

Shanchuan Liang, Ti Xie, Nicholas A. Blumenschein, Tong Zhou, Thomas Ersevim, Zhihao Song, Jierui Liang, Michael A. Susner, Benjamin S. Conner, Shi Jing Gong, Jian Ping Wang, Min Ouyang, Igor Žutić, Adam L. Friedman, Xiang Zhang, Cheng Gong

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Magnetic insulators, which have long-range magnetic order and are electrically insulating, allow spin propagation without electron motion and could be used to create dissipationless magnetoelectric and magneto-optical devices. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) magnetic insulators could, in particular, be used to fabricate compact devices. However, the efficient electrical control of 2D magnetic insulators remains a challenge due to difficulties in electrostatically doping such insulators and the inability of external electric fields to modify their crystal fields. Here we report the electrical control of the 2D magnetic insulator chromium germanium telluride (Cr₂Ge₂Te₆) using a thin ferroelectric polymer. We show that ±5 V across the Cr₂Ge₂Te₆/polymer heterostructures can open and close the magnetic hysteresis loop. The magnetic modulation is non-volatile, and is observed in bilayer, trilayer and four-layer Cr₂Ge₂Te₆, but not in thicker eight-layer Cr₂Ge₂Te₆, which indicates the importance of the interfacial multiferroic effect. The heterostructure multiferroics also enable direct electrical toggling between two magnetization states.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	199-205
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Electronics
Volume	6
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-00931-1
State	Published - Mar 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
C.G. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division under award no. N00421-22-1-0001, Army Research Laboratory under cooperative agreement no. W911NF-19-2-0181, National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233592 and 49100423C0011, and Northrop Grumman Mission Systems’ University Research Program. I.Ž. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349 and National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233375 and ECCS-2130845. S.-J.G. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award no. 62274066. J.-P.W. acknowledges support from the Robert F. Hartmann Endowed Chair Professorship. M.A.S. and B.S.C. acknowledge support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR 18RQCOR100 and AOARD-MOST grant no. F4GGA21207H002. B.S.C. further acknowledges the National Research Council Senior Fellowship award. C.G. is grateful for the fruitful discussions with J. Chang, R. Howell and Q. Zhang.

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© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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@article{57944d78e19d44a7a0c234e12749a58a,

title = "Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators",

abstract = "Magnetic insulators, which have long-range magnetic order and are electrically insulating, allow spin propagation without electron motion and could be used to create dissipationless magnetoelectric and magneto-optical devices. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) magnetic insulators could, in particular, be used to fabricate compact devices. However, the efficient electrical control of 2D magnetic insulators remains a challenge due to difficulties in electrostatically doping such insulators and the inability of external electric fields to modify their crystal fields. Here we report the electrical control of the 2D magnetic insulator chromium germanium telluride (Cr2Ge2Te6) using a thin ferroelectric polymer. We show that ±5 V across the Cr2Ge2Te6/polymer heterostructures can open and close the magnetic hysteresis loop. The magnetic modulation is non-volatile, and is observed in bilayer, trilayer and four-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, but not in thicker eight-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, which indicates the importance of the interfacial multiferroic effect. The heterostructure multiferroics also enable direct electrical toggling between two magnetization states.",

author = "Shanchuan Liang and Ti Xie and Blumenschein, {Nicholas A.} and Tong Zhou and Thomas Ersevim and Zhihao Song and Jierui Liang and Susner, {Michael A.} and Conner, {Benjamin S.} and Gong, {Shi Jing} and Wang, {Jian Ping} and Min Ouyang and Igor {\v Z}uti{\'c} and Friedman, {Adam L.} and Xiang Zhang and Cheng Gong",

note = "Funding Information: C.G. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division under award no. N00421-22-1-0001, Army Research Laboratory under cooperative agreement no. W911NF-19-2-0181, National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233592 and 49100423C0011, and Northrop Grumman Mission Systems{\textquoteright} University Research Program. I.{\v Z}. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349 and National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233375 and ECCS-2130845. S.-J.G. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award no. 62274066. J.-P.W. acknowledges support from the Robert F. Hartmann Endowed Chair Professorship. M.A.S. and B.S.C. acknowledge support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR 18RQCOR100 and AOARD-MOST grant no. F4GGA21207H002. B.S.C. further acknowledges the National Research Council Senior Fellowship award. C.G. is grateful for the fruitful discussions with J. Chang, R. Howell and Q. Zhang. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1038/s41928-023-00931-1",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "6",

pages = "199--205",

journal = "Nature Electronics",

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T1 - Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators

AU - Liang, Shanchuan

AU - Xie, Ti

AU - Blumenschein, Nicholas A.

AU - Zhou, Tong

AU - Ersevim, Thomas

AU - Song, Zhihao

AU - Liang, Jierui

AU - Susner, Michael A.

AU - Conner, Benjamin S.

AU - Gong, Shi Jing

AU - Wang, Jian Ping

AU - Ouyang, Min

AU - Žutić, Igor

AU - Friedman, Adam L.

AU - Zhang, Xiang

AU - Gong, Cheng

N1 - Funding Information: C.G. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division under award no. N00421-22-1-0001, Army Research Laboratory under cooperative agreement no. W911NF-19-2-0181, National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233592 and 49100423C0011, and Northrop Grumman Mission Systems’ University Research Program. I.Ž. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-22-1-0349 and National Science Foundation under award nos. CMMI-2233375 and ECCS-2130845. S.-J.G. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award no. 62274066. J.-P.W. acknowledges support from the Robert F. Hartmann Endowed Chair Professorship. M.A.S. and B.S.C. acknowledge support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR 18RQCOR100 and AOARD-MOST grant no. F4GGA21207H002. B.S.C. further acknowledges the National Research Council Senior Fellowship award. C.G. is grateful for the fruitful discussions with J. Chang, R. Howell and Q. Zhang. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2023/3

Y1 - 2023/3

N2 - Magnetic insulators, which have long-range magnetic order and are electrically insulating, allow spin propagation without electron motion and could be used to create dissipationless magnetoelectric and magneto-optical devices. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) magnetic insulators could, in particular, be used to fabricate compact devices. However, the efficient electrical control of 2D magnetic insulators remains a challenge due to difficulties in electrostatically doping such insulators and the inability of external electric fields to modify their crystal fields. Here we report the electrical control of the 2D magnetic insulator chromium germanium telluride (Cr2Ge2Te6) using a thin ferroelectric polymer. We show that ±5 V across the Cr2Ge2Te6/polymer heterostructures can open and close the magnetic hysteresis loop. The magnetic modulation is non-volatile, and is observed in bilayer, trilayer and four-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, but not in thicker eight-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, which indicates the importance of the interfacial multiferroic effect. The heterostructure multiferroics also enable direct electrical toggling between two magnetization states.

AB - Magnetic insulators, which have long-range magnetic order and are electrically insulating, allow spin propagation without electron motion and could be used to create dissipationless magnetoelectric and magneto-optical devices. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) magnetic insulators could, in particular, be used to fabricate compact devices. However, the efficient electrical control of 2D magnetic insulators remains a challenge due to difficulties in electrostatically doping such insulators and the inability of external electric fields to modify their crystal fields. Here we report the electrical control of the 2D magnetic insulator chromium germanium telluride (Cr2Ge2Te6) using a thin ferroelectric polymer. We show that ±5 V across the Cr2Ge2Te6/polymer heterostructures can open and close the magnetic hysteresis loop. The magnetic modulation is non-volatile, and is observed in bilayer, trilayer and four-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, but not in thicker eight-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, which indicates the importance of the interfacial multiferroic effect. The heterostructure multiferroics also enable direct electrical toggling between two magnetization states.

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JO - Nature Electronics

JF - Nature Electronics

IS - 3

ER -

Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators

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