Abstract
Telomeres shorten with each cell division and can ultimately becomesubstrates for nonhomologous end-joining repair, leading to large-scale genomic rearrangements of the kind frequently observed in human cancers. We have characterized more than 1400 telomere fusion events at the single-molecule level, using a combination of high-throughput sequence analysis together with experimentally induced telomeric double-stranded DNA breaks.We show that a single chromosomal dysfunctional telomere can fuse with diverse nontelomeric genomic loci, even in the presence of an otherwise stable genome, and that fusion predominates in coding regions. Fusion frequency was markedly increased in the absence of TP53 checkpoint control and significantly modulated by the cellular capacity for classical, versus alternative, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). We observed a striking reduction in inter-chromosomal fusion events in cells lacking DNA ligase 4, in contrast to a remarkably consistent profile of intra-chromosomal fusion in the context of multiple genetic knockouts, including DNAligase 3 and 4 doubleknockouts. We reveal distinct mutational signatures associated with classicalNHEJ-mediated inter-chromosomal, as opposed to alternativeNHEJ-mediated intra-chromosomal, telomere fusions and evidence for an unanticipated sufficiency ofDNAligase 1 for these intra-chromosomal events. Our findings have implications for mechanisms driving cancer genome evolution.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 588-600 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Genome research |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Wethank the High-ThroughputGenomics Group at theWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (funded by Wellcome Trust grant reference 090532/Z/09/Z) for the generation of the sequencing data. This work was funded by Cancer Research UK (C17199/ A13490; C17199/A18246) and the National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (NISCHR) Cancer Genetics Biomedical Research Unit. The work in the Hendrickson laboratory was funded, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) General Medicine (GM088351) and the National Cancer Institute (NIH) (CA154461 and CA190492).