Abstract
Several members of the APOBEC3 DNA cytosine deaminase family can potently inhibit Vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by catalyzing cytosine deamination in viral cDNA and impeding reverse transcription. HIV-1 counteracts restriction with the virally encoded Vif protein, which targets relevant APOBEC3 proteins for proteasomal degradation. HIV-1 Vif is optimized for degrading the restrictive human APOBEC3 repertoire, and, in general, lentiviral Vif proteins specifically target the restricting APOBEC3 enzymes of each host species. However, simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Vif elicits a curiously wide range of APOBEC3 degradation capabilities that include degradation of several human APOBEC3s and even human APOBEC3B, a non-HIV-1-restricting APOBEC3 enzyme. To better understand the molecular determinants of the interaction between SIVmac239 Vif and human APOBEC3B, we analyzed an extensive series of mutants. We found that SIVmac239 Vif interacts with the N-terminal domain of human APOBEC3B and, interestingly, that this occurs within a structural region homologous to the HIV-1 Vif interaction surface of human APOBEC3G. An alanine scan of SIVmac239 Vif revealed several residues required for human APOBEC3B degradation activity. These residues overlap HIV-1 Vif surface residues that interact with human APOBEC3G and are distinct from those that engage APOBEC3F or APOBEC3H. Overall, these studies indicate that the molecular determinants of the functional interaction between human APOBEC3B and SIVmac239 Vif resemble those between human APOBEC3G and HIV-1 Vif. These studies contribute to the growing knowledge of the APOBEC-Vif interaction and may help guide future efforts to disrupt this interaction as an antiviral therapy or exploit the interaction as a novel strategy to inhibit APOBEC3B-dependent tumor evolution.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | e00447-18 |
Journal | Journal of virology |
Volume | 92 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 1 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by NIAID R37 AI064046 and NCI R21 CA206309. J.W. received partial salary support from an Interdisciplinary Doctoral Fellowship from the University of Minnesota Graduate School. R.S.H. is the Margaret Harvey Schering Land Grant Chair for Cancer Research, a Distinguished McKnight University Professor, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Society for Microbiology.
Keywords
- APOBEC3B
- APOBEC3G
- Cancer mutation
- Host-pathogen interaction
- Innate immunity
- SIV
- Vif