Sex, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Barrett’s Esophagus and Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer

Sex, racial, and ethnic disparities in the incidence and prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma are well studied. Despite advances in surveillance techniques and multimodality treatment, disparities exist in outcomes with not all populations benefiting proportionately. A deeper understanding of the cause and nature of these disparities could help guide meaningful action toward mitigating these differences. This review focuses on the sex, racial and ethnic differences in the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and delves into the literature on potential causes for the variation in presentation and outcomes.