Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers: a five-state registry-linkage study

Lindsay A. Williams; Jeannette Sample; Colleen C. McLaughlin; Beth A. Mueller; Eric J. Chow; Susan E. Carozza; Peggy Reynolds; Logan G. Spector

doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01479-1

Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers: a five-state registry-linkage study

Lindsay A. Williams, Jeannette Sample, Colleen C. McLaughlin, Beth A. Mueller, Eric J. Chow, Susan E. Carozza, Peggy Reynolds, Logan G. Spector

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a well-recognized male excess in childhood cancer incidence; however, it is unclear whether there is etiologic heterogeneity by sex when defined by epidemiologic risk factors.

METHODS: Using a 5-state registry-linkage study (cases n = 16,411; controls n = 69,816), we estimated sex-stratified odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between birth and demographic characteristics for 16 pediatric cancers. Evidence of statistical interaction (p-interaction < 0.01) by sex was evaluated for each characteristic in each cancer.

RESULTS: Males comprised > 50% of cases for all cancers, except Wilms tumor (49.6%). Sex interacted with a number of risk factors (all p-interaction < 0.01) including gestational age for ALL (female, 40 vs. 37-39 weeks OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) and ependymoma (female, 40 vs. 37-39 OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.79; female, ≥ 41 OR: 2.01. 95% CI 1.29-3.14), birth order for AML (female, ≥ 3rd vs. 1st OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92), maternal education for Hodgkin lymphoma (male, any college vs. < high school[HS] OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09) and Wilms tumor (female, any college vs. HS OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93), maternal race/ethnicity for neuroblastoma (male, black vs. white OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.21-4.03; male, Hispanic vs. white OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.26-2.75; female, Asian/Pacific Islander vs. white OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.69), and paternal age (years) for hepatoblastoma in males (< 24 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.13-4.19; ≥ 35 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest etiologic heterogeneity by sex for childhood cancers for gestational age, maternal education, and race/ethnicity and paternal age.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1289-1298
Number of pages	10
Journal	Cancer Causes and Control
Volume	32
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01479-1
State	Published - Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The Children’s Cancer Research Fund (LAW), the Washington State Cancer Registry and the Cancer Surveillance System of Western Washington, which provided data, are supported by contract N01-CN-05230 from the National Cancer Institute and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In California and Texas, National Cancer Institute grants R01 CA717450 and R01 CA92670 supported assembly of their respective datasets. In New York, partial support for assembly of the dataset was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries by cooperative agreement U58DP000783-01 awarded to the New York State Department of Health; contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Keywords

Etiologic heterogeneity
Pediatric cancer
Registry-based study
Sex differences

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1007/s10552-021-01479-1

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@article{70b9a722d12249e2a79bda76ec46a9d7,

title = "Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers: a five-state registry-linkage study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: There is a well-recognized male excess in childhood cancer incidence; however, it is unclear whether there is etiologic heterogeneity by sex when defined by epidemiologic risk factors.METHODS: Using a 5-state registry-linkage study (cases n = 16,411; controls n = 69,816), we estimated sex-stratified odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between birth and demographic characteristics for 16 pediatric cancers. Evidence of statistical interaction (p-interaction < 0.01) by sex was evaluated for each characteristic in each cancer.RESULTS: Males comprised > 50% of cases for all cancers, except Wilms tumor (49.6%). Sex interacted with a number of risk factors (all p-interaction < 0.01) including gestational age for ALL (female, 40 vs. 37-39 weeks OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) and ependymoma (female, 40 vs. 37-39 OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.79; female, ≥ 41 OR: 2.01. 95% CI 1.29-3.14), birth order for AML (female, ≥ 3rd vs. 1st OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92), maternal education for Hodgkin lymphoma (male, any college vs. < high school[HS] OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09) and Wilms tumor (female, any college vs. HS OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93), maternal race/ethnicity for neuroblastoma (male, black vs. white OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.21-4.03; male, Hispanic vs. white OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.26-2.75; female, Asian/Pacific Islander vs. white OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.69), and paternal age (years) for hepatoblastoma in males (< 24 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.13-4.19; ≥ 35 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest etiologic heterogeneity by sex for childhood cancers for gestational age, maternal education, and race/ethnicity and paternal age.",

keywords = "Etiologic heterogeneity, Pediatric cancer, Registry-based study, Sex differences",

author = "Williams, {Lindsay A.} and Jeannette Sample and McLaughlin, {Colleen C.} and Mueller, {Beth A.} and Chow, {Eric J.} and Carozza, {Susan E.} and Peggy Reynolds and Spector, {Logan G.}",

note = "Funding Information: The Children{\textquoteright}s Cancer Research Fund (LAW), the Washington State Cancer Registry and the Cancer Surveillance System of Western Washington, which provided data, are supported by contract N01-CN-05230 from the National Cancer Institute and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In California and Texas, National Cancer Institute grants R01 CA717450 and R01 CA92670 supported assembly of their respective datasets. In New York, partial support for assembly of the dataset was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention{\textquoteright}s National Program of Cancer Registries by cooperative agreement U58DP000783-01 awarded to the New York State Department of Health; contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1007/s10552-021-01479-1",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "32",

pages = "1289--1298",

journal = "Cancer Causes and Control",

issn = "0957-5243",

publisher = "Springer Netherlands",

number = "11",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers

T2 - a five-state registry-linkage study

AU - Williams, Lindsay A.

AU - Sample, Jeannette

AU - McLaughlin, Colleen C.

AU - Mueller, Beth A.

AU - Chow, Eric J.

AU - Carozza, Susan E.

AU - Reynolds, Peggy

AU - Spector, Logan G.

N1 - Funding Information: The Children’s Cancer Research Fund (LAW), the Washington State Cancer Registry and the Cancer Surveillance System of Western Washington, which provided data, are supported by contract N01-CN-05230 from the National Cancer Institute and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In California and Texas, National Cancer Institute grants R01 CA717450 and R01 CA92670 supported assembly of their respective datasets. In New York, partial support for assembly of the dataset was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries by cooperative agreement U58DP000783-01 awarded to the New York State Department of Health; contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

PY - 2021/11

Y1 - 2021/11

N2 - BACKGROUND: There is a well-recognized male excess in childhood cancer incidence; however, it is unclear whether there is etiologic heterogeneity by sex when defined by epidemiologic risk factors.METHODS: Using a 5-state registry-linkage study (cases n = 16,411; controls n = 69,816), we estimated sex-stratified odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between birth and demographic characteristics for 16 pediatric cancers. Evidence of statistical interaction (p-interaction < 0.01) by sex was evaluated for each characteristic in each cancer.RESULTS: Males comprised > 50% of cases for all cancers, except Wilms tumor (49.6%). Sex interacted with a number of risk factors (all p-interaction < 0.01) including gestational age for ALL (female, 40 vs. 37-39 weeks OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) and ependymoma (female, 40 vs. 37-39 OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.79; female, ≥ 41 OR: 2.01. 95% CI 1.29-3.14), birth order for AML (female, ≥ 3rd vs. 1st OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92), maternal education for Hodgkin lymphoma (male, any college vs. < high school[HS] OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09) and Wilms tumor (female, any college vs. HS OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93), maternal race/ethnicity for neuroblastoma (male, black vs. white OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.21-4.03; male, Hispanic vs. white OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.26-2.75; female, Asian/Pacific Islander vs. white OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.69), and paternal age (years) for hepatoblastoma in males (< 24 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.13-4.19; ≥ 35 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest etiologic heterogeneity by sex for childhood cancers for gestational age, maternal education, and race/ethnicity and paternal age.

AB - BACKGROUND: There is a well-recognized male excess in childhood cancer incidence; however, it is unclear whether there is etiologic heterogeneity by sex when defined by epidemiologic risk factors.METHODS: Using a 5-state registry-linkage study (cases n = 16,411; controls n = 69,816), we estimated sex-stratified odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between birth and demographic characteristics for 16 pediatric cancers. Evidence of statistical interaction (p-interaction < 0.01) by sex was evaluated for each characteristic in each cancer.RESULTS: Males comprised > 50% of cases for all cancers, except Wilms tumor (49.6%). Sex interacted with a number of risk factors (all p-interaction < 0.01) including gestational age for ALL (female, 40 vs. 37-39 weeks OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) and ependymoma (female, 40 vs. 37-39 OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.79; female, ≥ 41 OR: 2.01. 95% CI 1.29-3.14), birth order for AML (female, ≥ 3rd vs. 1st OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92), maternal education for Hodgkin lymphoma (male, any college vs. < high school[HS] OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09) and Wilms tumor (female, any college vs. HS OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93), maternal race/ethnicity for neuroblastoma (male, black vs. white OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.21-4.03; male, Hispanic vs. white OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.26-2.75; female, Asian/Pacific Islander vs. white OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.69), and paternal age (years) for hepatoblastoma in males (< 24 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.13-4.19; ≥ 35 vs. 25-29 OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest etiologic heterogeneity by sex for childhood cancers for gestational age, maternal education, and race/ethnicity and paternal age.

KW - Etiologic heterogeneity

KW - Pediatric cancer

KW - Registry-based study

KW - Sex differences

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Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers: a five-state registry-linkage study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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