Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence linking phosphorus and calcium levels to a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Methods: We performed a post hoc data analysis from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial of raloxifene treatment in 7259 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis to test the hypothesis that higher baseline calcium and phosphorus levels are associated with a higher risk of incident cardiovascular events during 4 years of follow-up. Results: Baseline mean (SD) values were 2.3 (0.1) mmol/L for serum calcium, 1.2 (0.2) mmol/L for serum phosphorus. Adjusted for multiple covariates including 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, and phosphorus, adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) per SD of calcium were: 1.17(1.01-1.35), p = 0.03 for combined cardiovascular outcome, 1.22(0.99-1.49), p = 0.06 for cerebrovascular events, 1.12(0.92-1.37), p = 0.25 for coronary heart disease, and 1.18(0.94-1.48), p = 0.16 for death. While there was some evidence that higher serum phosphorus levels were associated with higher rate of combined cardiovascular outcome (p = 0.07) and cerebrovascular events (p = 0.03) in pauci-variable analysis, these associations did not persist after adjustment for additional confounders. Adjusted for multiple covariates including 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, and calcium, AHR(95% CI) per SD of phosphorus were 0.88(0.77-1.01), p = 0.07 for combined cardiovascular outcome, 0.86(0.70-1.06), p = 0.15 for ceverbrovascular events, 0.92(0.76-1.10), p = 0.35 for coronary heart disease, and 1.00(0.80-1.25) for death. Conclusion: We found an independent association between higher baseline serum calcium levels and higher rate of cardiovascular events. Our findings did not support an independent association between serum phosphorus levels and cardiovascular events.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 335-340 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | International Journal of Cardiology |
Volume | 149 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 16 2011 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors of this manuscript have certified that they comply with the Principles of Ethical Publishing in the International Journal of Cardiology [28] . Funding/Support: Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN (sponsor). Role of the Sponsor: The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation or revision of this manuscript, other than to approve the manuscript without comment or request for emendation. Disclosures: As an employee of the California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) Research Institute, Ms. Blackwell receives partial salary support from the sponsor. There are no other disclosures to report. Appendix A
Keywords
- Calcium
- Cardiovascular disease
- Phosphorus