Abstract
The incidence, causes, and consequences of hypoalbuminemia after renal transplantation are not well defined. We examined clinical correlates of serum albumin measured at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter in 706 renal transplant recipients who survived at least 6 months with a functioning allograft. Follow-up was 7.0 ± 4.2 years. Hypoalbuminemia (≤3.5 g/dL) was most common at 3 months (31%, n = 692), least common at 1 year (12%, n = 656), and then became increasingly common among survivors, for example, 14% (n = 466) at 4 years, 20% (n = 204) at 8 years, and 29% (n = 77) at 12 years after transplantation. By multiple linear regression, variables that correlated (P < 0.05) with lower serum albumin at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months included age, diabetes, proteinuria, and cytomegalovirus infection. Other independent correlates on at least one of these occasions included renal function and chronic disease (malignancy, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease). Serum albumin, as a time-averaged and time-dependent covariate, was a strong independent risk factor for death using Cox proportional hazards analysis (relative risk for each g/dL increment, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.44 [1.00 = no risk]). The effects of albumin on mortality were independent of age, diabetes, serum lipids, renal function, chronic liver disease, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease. The effects of albumin on mortality were evident even when the analysis was restricted to patients dying several years after albumin was measured. Thus, hypoalbuminemia is common and serum albumin is a strong independent risk factor for all-cause mortality after renal transplantation.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 117-123 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
Volume | 27 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1996 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:From the Division of Nephrology, Department University of Minnesota College of Medicine, County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN. Received May 10, 1995; accepted in revised form Septem- ber 13, 1995. Supported in part by Fondo de Investigacidn (FIS 93/5439), Spanish Ministry of Health. Address reprint requests to Bertram L.. Kasiske, MD, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55415. 0 I996 by the National Kidney Foundation, 0272~6386/96/2701-0013$3.00/O
Keywords
- Hypoalbuminemia
- allograft
- cancer
- cardiovascular disease
- liver disease
- nutrition