Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water

Zhen Wu; Lorraine F. Francis; Jane H. Davidson

Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water

Zhen Wu
, Lorraine F. Francis
, Jane H. Davidson

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

The accumulation of crystalline deposits, or scale, on polypropylene and copper tubes in a laminar flow of 40°C tap water is quantified. The experimental conditions reflect realistic conditions in solar water heating systems. The chemistry of the tap water is controlled to provide mildly supersaturated conditions at pH = 8. Supersaturation is 5 with respect to calcite and 8 with respect to hydroxyapatite. Sample tubes are analyzed for 1 to 8 weeks. The microstructure and composition of the scale are examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The scaling rates for polypropylene and copper tubes are 0.8 × 10 ^-10 and 1.7 × 10 ^-10 (mol Ca)/(m ²s), respectively. The oxidized copper surface is more susceptible to calcium phosphate scaling and this tendency results in the higher scaling rate for copper in tap water containing phosphate.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.
Subtitle of host publication	Catch the Clean Energy Wave
Pages	819-826
Number of pages	8
State	Published - 2008
Event	SOLAR 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, Including 37th ASES Annual Conference, 33rd National Passive Solar Conference and 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conference - San Diego, CA, United States Duration: May 3 2008 → May 8 2008

Publication series

Name	American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave
Volume	2

Other

Other	SOLAR 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, Including 37th ASES Annual Conference, 33rd National Passive Solar Conference and 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conference
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego, CA
Period	5/3/08 → 5/8/08

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

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Wu, Z., Francis, L. F., & Davidson, J. H. (2008). Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water. In American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave (pp. 819-826). (American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave; Vol. 2).

Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water. / Wu, Zhen; Francis, Lorraine F.; Davidson, Jane H.
American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave. 2008. p. 819-826 (American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave; Vol. 2).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Wu, Z, Francis, LF & Davidson, JH 2008, Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water. in American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave. American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, vol. 2, pp. 819-826, SOLAR 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, Including 37th ASES Annual Conference, 33rd National Passive Solar Conference and 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conference, San Diego, CA, United States, 5/3/08.

Wu Z, Francis LF, Davidson JH. Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water. In American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave. 2008. p. 819-826. (American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave).

Wu, Zhen ; Francis, Lorraine F. ; Davidson, Jane H. / Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water. American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave. 2008. pp. 819-826 (American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave).

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title = "Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water",

abstract = "The accumulation of crystalline deposits, or scale, on polypropylene and copper tubes in a laminar flow of 40°C tap water is quantified. The experimental conditions reflect realistic conditions in solar water heating systems. The chemistry of the tap water is controlled to provide mildly supersaturated conditions at pH = 8. Supersaturation is 5 with respect to calcite and 8 with respect to hydroxyapatite. Sample tubes are analyzed for 1 to 8 weeks. The microstructure and composition of the scale are examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The scaling rates for polypropylene and copper tubes are 0.8 × 10 -10 and 1.7 × 10 -10 (mol Ca)/(m 2s), respectively. The oxidized copper surface is more susceptible to calcium phosphate scaling and this tendency results in the higher scaling rate for copper in tap water containing phosphate.",

author = "Zhen Wu and Francis, \{Lorraine F.\} and Davidson, \{Jane H.\}",

year = "2008",

language = "English (US)",

isbn = "9781605604787",

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pages = "819--826",

booktitle = "American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.",

note = "SOLAR 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, Including 37th ASES Annual Conference, 33rd National Passive Solar Conference and 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conference ; Conference date: 03-05-2008 Through 08-05-2008",

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AU - Wu, Zhen

AU - Francis, Lorraine F.

AU - Davidson, Jane H.

PY - 2008

Y1 - 2008

N2 - The accumulation of crystalline deposits, or scale, on polypropylene and copper tubes in a laminar flow of 40°C tap water is quantified. The experimental conditions reflect realistic conditions in solar water heating systems. The chemistry of the tap water is controlled to provide mildly supersaturated conditions at pH = 8. Supersaturation is 5 with respect to calcite and 8 with respect to hydroxyapatite. Sample tubes are analyzed for 1 to 8 weeks. The microstructure and composition of the scale are examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The scaling rates for polypropylene and copper tubes are 0.8 × 10 -10 and 1.7 × 10 -10 (mol Ca)/(m 2s), respectively. The oxidized copper surface is more susceptible to calcium phosphate scaling and this tendency results in the higher scaling rate for copper in tap water containing phosphate.

AB - The accumulation of crystalline deposits, or scale, on polypropylene and copper tubes in a laminar flow of 40°C tap water is quantified. The experimental conditions reflect realistic conditions in solar water heating systems. The chemistry of the tap water is controlled to provide mildly supersaturated conditions at pH = 8. Supersaturation is 5 with respect to calcite and 8 with respect to hydroxyapatite. Sample tubes are analyzed for 1 to 8 weeks. The microstructure and composition of the scale are examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The scaling rates for polypropylene and copper tubes are 0.8 × 10 -10 and 1.7 × 10 -10 (mol Ca)/(m 2s), respectively. The oxidized copper surface is more susceptible to calcium phosphate scaling and this tendency results in the higher scaling rate for copper in tap water containing phosphate.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84868626620

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84868626620#tab=citedBy

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84868626620

SN - 9781605604787

T3 - American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.: Catch the Clean Energy Wave

SP - 819

EP - 826

BT - American Solar Energy Society - SOLAR 2008, Including Proc. of 37th ASES Annual Conf., 33rd National Passive Solar Conf., 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conf.

T2 - SOLAR 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, Including 37th ASES Annual Conference, 33rd National Passive Solar Conference and 3rd Renewable Energy Policy and Marketing Conference

Y2 - 3 May 2008 through 8 May 2008

ER -

Scale formation on polypropylene and copper tubes during open-loop exposure to mildly supersaturated potable water

Abstract

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