Sample size determination in shared frailty models for multivariate time-to-event data

The frailty model is increasingly popular for analyzing multivariate time-to-event data. The most common model is the shared frailty model. Although study design consideration is as important as analysis strategies, sample size determination methodology in studies with multivariate time-to-event data is greatly lacking in the literature. In this article, we develop a sample size determination method for the shared frailty model to investigate the treatment effect on multivariate event times. We analyzed the data using both a parametric model and a piecewise model with unknown baseline hazard, and compare the empirical power with the calculated power. Last, we discuss the formula for testing the treatment effect on recurrent events.