Sag in drying coatings: Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking

Robert K. Lade; Jin Oh Song; Austin D. Musliner; Bryce A. Williams; Satish Kumar; Christopher W. Macosko; Lorraine F. Francis

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.005

Sag in drying coatings: Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking

Robert K. Lade, Jin Oh Song, Austin D. Musliner, Bryce A. Williams, Satish Kumar, Christopher W. Macosko, Lorraine F. Francis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Abstract Sag is a coating phenomenon characterized by gravity-driven flow after deposition; excessive amounts of sag can lead to coating defects. In this work, a new method for evaluating and quantifying sag is investigated. The motion of micron-sized Lycopodium spores on an inclined coating surface is tracked during drying, and the resulting surface velocity data is used to determine sag length. This in situ particle tracking method is minimally invasive and permits real time measurements. Measured sag lengths and real time surface velocities in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings compare well with a theoretical model. The model is also used to develop a predictive sag regime map, which anticipates the extent of sag given coating properties and process-specific parameters. This map also identifies viable processing windows and aids in intelligent coating design given specific process constraints. The predictions of the sag regime map are compared against experimental sag results from polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings as well as four commercial latex paints, revealing good agreement for coatings with Newtonian or 'Newtonian-like' rheologies.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	3635
Pages (from-to)	49-58
Number of pages	10
Journal	Progress in Organic Coatings
Volume	86
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.005
State	Published - Sep 1 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the industrial partners of the Coating Process Fundamentals Program (CPFP) of the Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME) for supporting this research. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to Wieslaw Suszynski, for designing the inclined drying stage and for many helpful discussions. The authors would also like to thank Heng Zhang for SEM imaging. Parts of this work were carried out in the Minnesota Nano Center which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Drying
Lycopodium
Particle tracking
Regime map
Rheology
Sag

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10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.005

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title = "Sag in drying coatings: Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking",

abstract = "Abstract Sag is a coating phenomenon characterized by gravity-driven flow after deposition; excessive amounts of sag can lead to coating defects. In this work, a new method for evaluating and quantifying sag is investigated. The motion of micron-sized Lycopodium spores on an inclined coating surface is tracked during drying, and the resulting surface velocity data is used to determine sag length. This in situ particle tracking method is minimally invasive and permits real time measurements. Measured sag lengths and real time surface velocities in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings compare well with a theoretical model. The model is also used to develop a predictive sag regime map, which anticipates the extent of sag given coating properties and process-specific parameters. This map also identifies viable processing windows and aids in intelligent coating design given specific process constraints. The predictions of the sag regime map are compared against experimental sag results from polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings as well as four commercial latex paints, revealing good agreement for coatings with Newtonian or 'Newtonian-like' rheologies.",

keywords = "Drying, Lycopodium, Particle tracking, Regime map, Rheology, Sag",

author = "Lade, {Robert K.} and Song, {Jin Oh} and Musliner, {Austin D.} and Williams, {Bryce A.} and Satish Kumar and Macosko, {Christopher W.} and Francis, {Lorraine F.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the industrial partners of the Coating Process Fundamentals Program (CPFP) of the Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME) for supporting this research. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to Wieslaw Suszynski, for designing the inclined drying stage and for many helpful discussions. The authors would also like to thank Heng Zhang for SEM imaging. Parts of this work were carried out in the Minnesota Nano Center which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2015",

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doi = "10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.005",

language = "English (US)",

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TY - JOUR

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T2 - Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking

AU - Lade, Robert K.

AU - Song, Jin Oh

AU - Musliner, Austin D.

AU - Williams, Bryce A.

AU - Kumar, Satish

AU - Macosko, Christopher W.

AU - Francis, Lorraine F.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the industrial partners of the Coating Process Fundamentals Program (CPFP) of the Industrial Partnership for Research in Interfacial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME) for supporting this research. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to Wieslaw Suszynski, for designing the inclined drying stage and for many helpful discussions. The authors would also like to thank Heng Zhang for SEM imaging. Parts of this work were carried out in the Minnesota Nano Center which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2015/9/1

Y1 - 2015/9/1

N2 - Abstract Sag is a coating phenomenon characterized by gravity-driven flow after deposition; excessive amounts of sag can lead to coating defects. In this work, a new method for evaluating and quantifying sag is investigated. The motion of micron-sized Lycopodium spores on an inclined coating surface is tracked during drying, and the resulting surface velocity data is used to determine sag length. This in situ particle tracking method is minimally invasive and permits real time measurements. Measured sag lengths and real time surface velocities in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings compare well with a theoretical model. The model is also used to develop a predictive sag regime map, which anticipates the extent of sag given coating properties and process-specific parameters. This map also identifies viable processing windows and aids in intelligent coating design given specific process constraints. The predictions of the sag regime map are compared against experimental sag results from polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings as well as four commercial latex paints, revealing good agreement for coatings with Newtonian or 'Newtonian-like' rheologies.

AB - Abstract Sag is a coating phenomenon characterized by gravity-driven flow after deposition; excessive amounts of sag can lead to coating defects. In this work, a new method for evaluating and quantifying sag is investigated. The motion of micron-sized Lycopodium spores on an inclined coating surface is tracked during drying, and the resulting surface velocity data is used to determine sag length. This in situ particle tracking method is minimally invasive and permits real time measurements. Measured sag lengths and real time surface velocities in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings compare well with a theoretical model. The model is also used to develop a predictive sag regime map, which anticipates the extent of sag given coating properties and process-specific parameters. This map also identifies viable processing windows and aids in intelligent coating design given specific process constraints. The predictions of the sag regime map are compared against experimental sag results from polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings as well as four commercial latex paints, revealing good agreement for coatings with Newtonian or 'Newtonian-like' rheologies.

KW - Drying

KW - Lycopodium

KW - Particle tracking

KW - Regime map

KW - Rheology

KW - Sag

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JO - Progress in Organic Coatings

JF - Progress in Organic Coatings

M1 - 3635

ER -

Sag in drying coatings: Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking

Abstract

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