Safety of 5 kHz tACS

Leila Chaieb; Andrea Antal; Alberto Pisoni; Catarina Saiote; Alexander Opitz; Géza Gergely Ambrus; Niels Focke; Walter Paulus

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.004

Safety of 5 kHz tACS

Leila Chaieb, Andrea Antal, Alberto Pisoni, Catarina Saiote, Alexander Opitz, Géza Gergely Ambrus, Niels Focke, Walter Paulus

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Abstract

Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. Objective Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. Results After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. Conclusions Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	92-96
Number of pages	5
Journal	Brain Stimulation
Volume	7
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.004
State	Published - Jan 1 2014

Keywords

Alternating current stimulation
Human
M1
Side effects

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10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.004

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title = "Safety of 5 kHz tACS",

abstract = "Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. Objective Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. Results After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. Conclusions Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.",

keywords = "Alternating current stimulation, Human, M1, Side effects",

author = "Leila Chaieb and Andrea Antal and Alberto Pisoni and Catarina Saiote and Alexander Opitz and Ambrus, {G{\'e}za Gergely} and Niels Focke and Walter Paulus",

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AU - Chaieb, Leila

AU - Antal, Andrea

AU - Pisoni, Alberto

AU - Saiote, Catarina

AU - Opitz, Alexander

AU - Ambrus, Géza Gergely

AU - Focke, Niels

AU - Paulus, Walter

PY - 2014/1/1

Y1 - 2014/1/1

N2 - Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. Objective Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. Results After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. Conclusions Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.

AB - Sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 kHz applied for 10 min at 1 mA intensity over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) results in sustained changes in cortical excitability as previously demonstrated. Objective Here we have assessed safety aspects of this stimulation method by measuring neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, examining electroencephalogram (EEG) traces and analyzing anatomical data by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Altogether 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. tACS was applied at 5 kHz for a duration of 10 min over the left M1 at an intensity of 1 mA. Results After stimulation no significant changes were detected in NSE levels, no structural alterations were observed in the anatomical scans and no pathological changes were found in the EEG recordings. Conclusions Our data imply that the application of tACS is safe at least within these parameters and with these applied protocols.

KW - Alternating current stimulation

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KW - M1

KW - Side effects

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Safety of 5 kHz tACS

Abstract

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