Role of the core DNA polymerase III subunits at the replication fork: α is the only subunit required for processive replication

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is composed of 10 subunits. The core of the polymerase contains the catalytic polymerase subunit, α, the proofreading 3' → 5' exonuclease, ε, and a subunit of unknown function, Θ. The availability of the holoenzyme subunits in purified form has allowed us to investigate their roles at the replication fork. We show here that of the three subunits in the core polymerase, only α is required to form processive replication forks that move at high rates and that exhibit coupled leading- and lagging-strand synthesis in vitro. Taken together with previous data this suggests that the primary determinant of replication fork processivity is the interaction between another holoenzyme subunit, τ, and the replication fork helicase, DnaB.