Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings

Siyao Shao; Dezhi Zhou; Ruichen He; Jiaqi Li; Shufan Zou; Kevin Mallery; Santosh Kumar; Suo Yang; Jiarong Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105661

Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings

Siyao Shao, Dezhi Zhou, Ruichen He, Jiaqi Li, Shufan Zou, Kevin Mallery, Santosh Kumar, Suo Yang, Jiarong Hong

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

166 Scopus citations

Abstract

The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. Combining in situ measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations, we quantify the exhaled particles from normal respiratory behaviors and their transport under elevator, small classroom, and supermarket settings to evaluate the risk of inhaling potentially virus-containing particles. Our results show that the design of ventilation is critical for reducing the risk of particle encounters. Inappropriate design can significantly limit the efficiency of particle removal, create local hot spots with orders of magnitude higher risks, and enhance particle deposition causing surface contamination. Additionally, our measurements reveal the presence of a substantial fraction of faceted particles from normal breathing and its strong correlation with breathing depth.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	105661
Journal	Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume	151
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105661
State	Published - Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Jiarong Hong's group: University of Minnesota Rapid Response Grant from Office for Vice President of Research (OVPR); Suo Yang's group: University of Minnesota Institute for Engineering in Medicine (IEM) COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant program, Co-Sponsored by the Minnesota Robotics Institute (MnRI) and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award Number UL1TR002494. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Funding Information:
Jiarong Hong's group: University of Minnesota Rapid Response Grant from Office for Vice President of Research (OVPR); Suo Yang's group: University of Minnesota Institute for Engineering in Medicine (IEM) COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant program, Co-Sponsored by the Minnesota Robotics Institute (MnRI) and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute ( CTSI ) through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ( NCATS ) of the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) Award Number UL1TR002494. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

Airborne transmission
Digital inline holography
Exhaled particles
Particle contamination
Ventilation

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10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105661

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title = "Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings",

abstract = "The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. Combining in situ measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations, we quantify the exhaled particles from normal respiratory behaviors and their transport under elevator, small classroom, and supermarket settings to evaluate the risk of inhaling potentially virus-containing particles. Our results show that the design of ventilation is critical for reducing the risk of particle encounters. Inappropriate design can significantly limit the efficiency of particle removal, create local hot spots with orders of magnitude higher risks, and enhance particle deposition causing surface contamination. Additionally, our measurements reveal the presence of a substantial fraction of faceted particles from normal breathing and its strong correlation with breathing depth.",

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author = "Siyao Shao and Dezhi Zhou and Ruichen He and Jiaqi Li and Shufan Zou and Kevin Mallery and Santosh Kumar and Suo Yang and Jiarong Hong",

note = "Funding Information: Jiarong Hong's group: University of Minnesota Rapid Response Grant from Office for Vice President of Research (OVPR); Suo Yang's group: University of Minnesota Institute for Engineering in Medicine (IEM) COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant program, Co-Sponsored by the Minnesota Robotics Institute (MnRI) and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award Number UL1TR002494. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Funding Information: Jiarong Hong's group: University of Minnesota Rapid Response Grant from Office for Vice President of Research (OVPR); Suo Yang's group: University of Minnesota Institute for Engineering in Medicine (IEM) COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant program, Co-Sponsored by the Minnesota Robotics Institute (MnRI) and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute ( CTSI ) through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ( NCATS ) of the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) Award Number UL1TR002494. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd",

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AU - Mallery, Kevin

AU - Kumar, Santosh

AU - Yang, Suo

AU - Hong, Jiarong

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N2 - The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. Combining in situ measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations, we quantify the exhaled particles from normal respiratory behaviors and their transport under elevator, small classroom, and supermarket settings to evaluate the risk of inhaling potentially virus-containing particles. Our results show that the design of ventilation is critical for reducing the risk of particle encounters. Inappropriate design can significantly limit the efficiency of particle removal, create local hot spots with orders of magnitude higher risks, and enhance particle deposition causing surface contamination. Additionally, our measurements reveal the presence of a substantial fraction of faceted particles from normal breathing and its strong correlation with breathing depth.

AB - The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. Combining in situ measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations, we quantify the exhaled particles from normal respiratory behaviors and their transport under elevator, small classroom, and supermarket settings to evaluate the risk of inhaling potentially virus-containing particles. Our results show that the design of ventilation is critical for reducing the risk of particle encounters. Inappropriate design can significantly limit the efficiency of particle removal, create local hot spots with orders of magnitude higher risks, and enhance particle deposition causing surface contamination. Additionally, our measurements reveal the presence of a substantial fraction of faceted particles from normal breathing and its strong correlation with breathing depth.

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Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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