Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America, Canada)

Elizabeth E. Alexson; Euan D. Reavie; Bart Van de Vijver; Carlos E. Wetzel; Luc Ector; Holly A. Wellard Kelly; Meagan N. Aliff; Lisa R. Estepp

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2022.04.006

Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America, Canada)

Elizabeth E. Alexson, Euan D. Reavie, Bart Van de Vijver, Carlos E. Wetzel, Luc Ector, Holly A. Wellard Kelly, Meagan N. Aliff, Lisa R. Estepp

Natural Resources Research Institute

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8 Scopus citations

Abstract

We investigated several common, needle-shaped diatoms to better characterize the taxonomy of the genus Fragilaria in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted diatom morphometric analysis facilitated by SEM and LM imaging on samples collected as a part of the USEPA's long-term biological monitoring program. We resolved several decades-long taxonomic problems in the Great Lakes. The results indicated that previous records of species formerly belonging to the genus Synedra, such as S. (Fragilaria) ostenfeldii, S. (Fragilaria) radians, and S. filiformis, should be corrected as these species likely do not occur in the Great Lakes. Valve morphology confirmed the presence of four previously undescribed species: Fragilaria andreseniana sp. nov., Fragilaria stoermeriana sp. nov., Fragilaria limnetica sp. nov., and Fragilaria michiganensis sp. nov. The morphology of several other Fragilaria taxa in the Great Lakes was examined, including a teratologic taxon (Fragilaria sp. 1), Fragilaria crotonensis, Fragilaria grunowii, and a taxon showing morphological affinity to Fragilaria lemanensis (reported here as Fragilaria cf. lemanensis). The spatial and seasonal distributions of these needle-shaped taxa were also analyzed and discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	999-1020
Number of pages	22
Journal	Journal of Great Lakes Research
Volume	48
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2022.04.006
State	Published - Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred.

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA’s required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 International Association for Great Lakes Research

Keywords

Diatoms
Fragilaria
Great Lakes
Phytoplankton
Synedra
Taxonomy

Publisher link

10.1016/j.jglr.2022.04.006

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Alexson, E. E., Reavie, E. D., Van de Vijver, B., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L., Wellard Kelly, H. A., Aliff, M. N., & Estepp, L. R. (2022). Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America, Canada). Journal of Great Lakes Research, 48(4), 999-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2022.04.006

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abstract = "We investigated several common, needle-shaped diatoms to better characterize the taxonomy of the genus Fragilaria in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted diatom morphometric analysis facilitated by SEM and LM imaging on samples collected as a part of the USEPA's long-term biological monitoring program. We resolved several decades-long taxonomic problems in the Great Lakes. The results indicated that previous records of species formerly belonging to the genus Synedra, such as S. (Fragilaria) ostenfeldii, S. (Fragilaria) radians, and S. filiformis, should be corrected as these species likely do not occur in the Great Lakes. Valve morphology confirmed the presence of four previously undescribed species: Fragilaria andreseniana sp. nov., Fragilaria stoermeriana sp. nov., Fragilaria limnetica sp. nov., and Fragilaria michiganensis sp. nov. The morphology of several other Fragilaria taxa in the Great Lakes was examined, including a teratologic taxon (Fragilaria sp. 1), Fragilaria crotonensis, Fragilaria grunowii, and a taxon showing morphological affinity to Fragilaria lemanensis (reported here as Fragilaria cf. lemanensis). The spatial and seasonal distributions of these needle-shaped taxa were also analyzed and discussed.",

keywords = "Diatoms, Fragilaria, Great Lakes, Phytoplankton, Synedra, Taxonomy",

author = "Alexson, {Elizabeth E.} and Reavie, {Euan D.} and {Van de Vijver}, Bart and Wetzel, {Carlos E.} and Luc Ector and {Wellard Kelly}, {Holly A.} and Aliff, {Meagan N.} and Estepp, {Lisa R.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred. Funding Information: We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA{\textquoteright}s required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 International Association for Great Lakes Research",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

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AU - Alexson, Elizabeth E.

AU - Reavie, Euan D.

AU - Van de Vijver, Bart

AU - Wetzel, Carlos E.

AU - Ector, Luc

AU - Wellard Kelly, Holly A.

AU - Aliff, Meagan N.

AU - Estepp, Lisa R.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred. Funding Information: We thank Dr. Matthew Julius (St. Cloud State University) for SEM observation of some specimens. M. Agbeti supported analysis of EPA-GLNPO phytoplankton samples and K. Kennedy contributed to sample collection and preparation. This research was partly supported by a grant to E. Reavie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement GL-00E23101-2. This document has not been subjected to the EPA’s required peer and policy review and does not reflect the view of the Agency, so no official endorsement should be inferred. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 International Association for Great Lakes Research

PY - 2022/8

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N2 - We investigated several common, needle-shaped diatoms to better characterize the taxonomy of the genus Fragilaria in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted diatom morphometric analysis facilitated by SEM and LM imaging on samples collected as a part of the USEPA's long-term biological monitoring program. We resolved several decades-long taxonomic problems in the Great Lakes. The results indicated that previous records of species formerly belonging to the genus Synedra, such as S. (Fragilaria) ostenfeldii, S. (Fragilaria) radians, and S. filiformis, should be corrected as these species likely do not occur in the Great Lakes. Valve morphology confirmed the presence of four previously undescribed species: Fragilaria andreseniana sp. nov., Fragilaria stoermeriana sp. nov., Fragilaria limnetica sp. nov., and Fragilaria michiganensis sp. nov. The morphology of several other Fragilaria taxa in the Great Lakes was examined, including a teratologic taxon (Fragilaria sp. 1), Fragilaria crotonensis, Fragilaria grunowii, and a taxon showing morphological affinity to Fragilaria lemanensis (reported here as Fragilaria cf. lemanensis). The spatial and seasonal distributions of these needle-shaped taxa were also analyzed and discussed.

AB - We investigated several common, needle-shaped diatoms to better characterize the taxonomy of the genus Fragilaria in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted diatom morphometric analysis facilitated by SEM and LM imaging on samples collected as a part of the USEPA's long-term biological monitoring program. We resolved several decades-long taxonomic problems in the Great Lakes. The results indicated that previous records of species formerly belonging to the genus Synedra, such as S. (Fragilaria) ostenfeldii, S. (Fragilaria) radians, and S. filiformis, should be corrected as these species likely do not occur in the Great Lakes. Valve morphology confirmed the presence of four previously undescribed species: Fragilaria andreseniana sp. nov., Fragilaria stoermeriana sp. nov., Fragilaria limnetica sp. nov., and Fragilaria michiganensis sp. nov. The morphology of several other Fragilaria taxa in the Great Lakes was examined, including a teratologic taxon (Fragilaria sp. 1), Fragilaria crotonensis, Fragilaria grunowii, and a taxon showing morphological affinity to Fragilaria lemanensis (reported here as Fragilaria cf. lemanensis). The spatial and seasonal distributions of these needle-shaped taxa were also analyzed and discussed.

KW - Diatoms

KW - Fragilaria

KW - Great Lakes

KW - Phytoplankton

KW - Synedra

KW - Taxonomy

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Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America, Canada)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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