Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts

IGEMS Consortium

doi:10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y

Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts

IGEMS Consortium

Psychology (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review

Abstract

We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one’s family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1483-1484
Number of pages	2
Journal	European Journal of Epidemiology
Volume	40
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y
State	Published - Dec 2025

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© Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

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Letter

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10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y

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@article{8e388e8eaf1247e3b134d5f77d7376ba,

title = "Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts",

abstract = "We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one{\textquoteright}s family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.",

author = "\{IGEMS Consortium\} and Walters, \{Ellen E.\} and Luczak, \{Susan E.\} and Beam, \{Christopher R.\} and Malin Ericsson and Kremen, \{William S.\} and Krueger, \{Robert F.\} and Markon, \{Kristian E.\} and Matt McGue and Marianne Nygaard and Panizzon, \{Matthew S.\} and Plassman, \{Brenda L.\} and Reynolds, \{Chandra A.\} and Sachdev, \{Perminder S.\} and Anbu Thalamuthu and Whitfield, \{Keith E.\} and Pedersen, \{Nancy L.\} and Margaret Gatz",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer Nature B.V. 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "40",

pages = "1483--1484",

journal = "European Journal of Epidemiology",

issn = "0393-2990",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",

number = "12",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia

T2 - cautions for within-family contrasts

AU - IGEMS Consortium

AU - Walters, Ellen E.

AU - Luczak, Susan E.

AU - Beam, Christopher R.

AU - Ericsson, Malin

AU - Kremen, William S.

AU - Krueger, Robert F.

AU - Markon, Kristian E.

AU - McGue, Matt

AU - Nygaard, Marianne

AU - Panizzon, Matthew S.

AU - Plassman, Brenda L.

AU - Reynolds, Chandra A.

AU - Sachdev, Perminder S.

AU - Thalamuthu, Anbu

AU - Whitfield, Keith E.

AU - Pedersen, Nancy L.

AU - Gatz, Margaret

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one’s family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.

AB - We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one’s family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105025131083

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105025131083#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y

DO - 10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y

M3 - Letter

C2 - 41389155

AN - SCOPUS:105025131083

SN - 0393-2990

VL - 40

SP - 1483

EP - 1484

JO - European Journal of Epidemiology

JF - European Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 12

ER -

Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts

Abstract

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